“…IP address and Time to Live (TTL) are two parameters that must be added to the switches to play the role of layer three for the algorithm to work. Using Open ow controllers, layer 1 to 4 functions can be implemented [27]. In this way, by adding routers and NFV network functions, it is possible to check the bandwidth in the controller, if the bandwidth is less than the level of response to the users, the route mutation will occur and otherwise, it will enter the overlay networks to reach the nal server.…”