Performance evaluation of waste tires in protecting embankment against earthquake loading

Application of Pebbles for Geotechnical Seismic Isolation (GSI): Experimental Parametric Study

“…It is desirable to use materials that are readily found in nature and have large reserves. Several types of materials have been tested and researched for GSI applications, including sand and gravel [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], sand-bitumen mixtures [23], EPS beads-sand mixtures [24], rubbersoil mixtures (RSMs) gravel-soil mixtures (GRMs) [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44], geosynthetics [45][46][47][48], and geofoam [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57].…”

Preface for the special issue on geotechnical seismic isolation (GSI)

“…A wide range of materials have been explored for creating GSI systems. Amongst these, rubber-soil mixtures have been the most researched materials (Bernal-Sanchez et al 2023;Chiaro et al 2022;Dhanya et al 2023; Forcellini and Alzabeebee 2022; Nikitas and Bhattacharya 2023; Vratsikidis and Pitilakis 2022), whilst there is a case study with the use of whole waste tyres (Hazarika et al 2023). Meanwhile, other materials have also been investigated, including EPS beads (Edinçliler and Yildiz 2023), geosynthetics (Banović et al 2022;Dhanya et al 2023), stone pebbles (Banović et al 2022), sand, timber and PVC (Tsiavos et al 2022), polyurethane (Gatto et al 2022), super absorbent polymers (SAP) (Somma and Flora 2023), as well as various high-damping (Aloisio et al 2022) and low-modulus materials (Tsang 2022).…”

“…On the other hand, investigation of GSI involves utilising a wide range of research tools and skills. This includes analytical and numerical modelling of soil-foundation-structure systems (Aloisio et al 2022;Chiaro et al 2022;Forcellini and Alzabeebee 2022;Gatto et al 2022;Hazarika et al 2023;Somma and Flora 2023;Tsang 2022). Laboratory testing of material samples has also been carried out (Dhanya et al 2023;Gatto et al 2022;Hazarika et al 2023;Nikitas and Bhattacharya 2023;Somma and Flora 2023), along with characterising geomaterials at the particle scale (Bernal-Sanchez et al 2023).…”

“…This includes analytical and numerical modelling of soil-foundation-structure systems (Aloisio et al 2022;Chiaro et al 2022;Forcellini and Alzabeebee 2022;Gatto et al 2022;Hazarika et al 2023;Somma and Flora 2023;Tsang 2022). Laboratory testing of material samples has also been carried out (Dhanya et al 2023;Gatto et al 2022;Hazarika et al 2023;Nikitas and Bhattacharya 2023;Somma and Flora 2023), along with characterising geomaterials at the particle scale (Bernal-Sanchez et al 2023). Shaking table testing (Banović et al 2022;Dhanya et al 2023;Edinçliler and Yildiz 2023;Nikitas and Bhattacharya 2023;Tsiavos et al 2022) and field measurements (Hazarika et al 2023;Vratsikidis and Pitilakis 2022) have been conducted as well.…”

“…Laboratory testing of material samples has also been carried out (Dhanya et al 2023;Gatto et al 2022;Hazarika et al 2023;Nikitas and Bhattacharya 2023;Somma and Flora 2023), along with characterising geomaterials at the particle scale (Bernal-Sanchez et al 2023). Shaking table testing (Banović et al 2022;Dhanya et al 2023;Edinçliler and Yildiz 2023;Nikitas and Bhattacharya 2023;Tsiavos et al 2022) and field measurements (Hazarika et al 2023;Vratsikidis and Pitilakis 2022) have been conducted as well. In addition, practical design models and parameters have been proposed for designing GSI systems (Aloisio et al 2022;Somma and Flora 2023;Tsang 2022).…”