Performance Evaluations of LoRa Wireless Communication in Building Environments

Liang, Ruquan; Zhao, Liang; Wang, Peng

doi:10.3390/s20143828

Cited by 48 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The work in [ 14 ] is also the first to propose the use of LoRa technology for health detection, and the authors have pointed out that if there are multiple devices in the same environment, there may be problems with the communication reliability. In [ 15 ], the author evaluates the communication performance of LoRa in a building by changing the transmit power, data rate, package length, and location of the wireless module. The experimental results show that the practical considerations of signal reliability in different building environments lead to certain limitations in practical applications.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LoRa’s low power consumption, long transmission distance, flexible networking capability, and many other features fit perfectly with the needs of IoT fragmentation, providing a low cost and many connections [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Therefore, LoRa is widely deployed in multiple scenarios, such as campuses [ 13 , 14 ], buildings [ 15 ], and forest farms [ 16 ], and has broad prospects for future development [ 17 ]. Meanwhile, this also results in higher requirements for the performance of LoRa (such as reliability, delay, and energy consumption).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Evaluation of the Packet Reception Performance of LoRa

Guo

Yang

Wei

2021

Sensors

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LoRa technology is currently one of the most popular Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. A substantial number of LoRa devices have been applied in a wide variety of real-world scenarios, and developers can adjust the packet reception performance of LoRa through physical layer parameter configuration to meet the requirements. However, since the important details of the relationship between the physical layer parameters and the packet reception performance of LoRa remain unknown, it is a challenge to choose the appropriate parameter configuration to meet the requirements of the scenarios. Moreover, with the increase in application scenarios, the requirements for energy consumption become increasingly high. Therefore, it is also a challenge to know how to configure the parameters to maximize the energy efficiency while maintaining a high data rate. In this work, a complex evaluation experiment on the communication capability under a negative Signal to Noise Ratio is presented, and the specific details of the relationship between physical layer parameters and the packet reception performance of LoRa are clarified. Furthermore, we study the impact of the packet length on the packet reception performance of LoRa, and the experimental results show that when there is a large amount of data to be transmitted, it is better to choose long packets instead of short packets. Finally, considering the influence of physical layer parameters and the packet length on the packet reception performance of LoRa, the optimal parameter combination is explored, so as to propose a transmission scheme with a balanced reliability, delay, and energy consumption. This scheme is the first to consider the physical layer parameters and packet length together to study the communication transmission scheme, which reduces the communication time by 50% compared with the traditional transmission scheme and greatly reduces the energy consumption.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evaluation of the Packet Reception Performance of LoRa

Guo

Yang

Wei

2021

Sensors

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“…Previous works have experimentally analyzed the performance of LoRa systems for multiple parameters, with coverage areas ranging from typical indoors [14][15][16] to campus [17][18][19][20] and city scales [21][22][23][24]. Standard analytic prediction models are based on pathloss formulations optimized for specific power damping conditions, e.g., cityscapes [20,22] and others [25].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cityscape LoRa Signal Propagation Predicted and Tested Using Real-World Building-Data Based O-FDTD Simulations and Experimental Characterization

Adão

Balvís²,

Carpentier

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The age of the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart cities calls for low-power wireless communication networks, for which the Long-Range (LoRa) is a rising star. Efficient network engineering requires the accurate prediction of the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) spatial distribution. However, the most commonly used models either lack the physical accurateness, resolution, or versatility for cityscape real-world building distribution-based RSSI predictions. For this purpose, we apply the 2D electric field wave-propagation Oscillator Finite-Difference Time-Domain (O-FDTD) method, using the complex dielectric permittivity to model reflection and absorption effects by concrete walls and the receiver sensitivity as the threshold to obtain a simulated coverage area in a 600 × 600 m2 square. Further, we report a simple and low-cost method to experimentally determine the signal coverage area based on mapping communication response-time delays. The simulations show a strong building influence on the RSSI, compared against the Free-Space Path (FSPL) model. We obtain a spatial overlap of 84% between the O-FDTD simulated and experimental signal coverage maps. Our proof-of-concept approach is thoroughly discussed compared to previous works, outlining error sources and possible future improvements. O-FDTD is demonstrated to be most promising for both indoors and outdoors applications and presents a powerful tool for IoT and smart city planners.

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“…However, the authors did not explore the opportunity of integrating a mobile application with the system. An LoRa based system was developed and tested for its practical applications in smart buildings to facilitate energy management and improving resident comfort by measuring data related to environmental and equipment parameters [31]. Performance criteria such as coverage and transmission were considered during their experiment with three LoRa receiver nodes on one floor and eight LoRa receiver nodes on different floors in a 16story building.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Monitoring and Controlling of Appliances Using LoRa Based IoT System

Nur-A-Alam

Ahsan

Based

et al. 2021

Designs

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In the era of Industry 4.0, remote monitoring and controlling appliance/equipment at home, institute, or industry from a long distance with low power consumption remains challenging. At present, some smart phones are being actively used to control appliances at home or institute using Internet of Things (IoT) systems. This paper presents a novel smart automation system using long range (LoRa) technology. The proposed LoRa based system consists of wireless communication system and different types of sensors, operated by a smart phone application and powered by a low-power battery, with an operating range of 3–12 km distance. The system established a connection between an android phone and a microprocessor (ESP32) through Wi-Fi at the sender end. The ESP32 module was connected to a LoRa module. At the receiver end, an ESP32 module and LoRa module without Wi-Fi was employed. Wide Area Network (WAN) communication protocol was used on the LoRa module to provide switching functionality of the targeted area. The performance of the system was evaluated by three real-life case studies through measuring environmental temperature and humidity, detecting fire, and controlling the switching functionality of appliances. Obtaining correct environmental data, fire detection with 90% accuracy, and switching functionality with 92.33% accuracy at a distance up to 12 km demonstrated the high performance of the system. The proposed smart system with modular design proved to be highly effective in controlling and monitoring home appliances from a longer distance with relatively lower power consumption.

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Performance Evaluations of LoRa Wireless Communication in Building Environments

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Experimental Evaluation of the Packet Reception Performance of LoRa

Experimental Evaluation of the Packet Reception Performance of LoRa

Cityscape LoRa Signal Propagation Predicted and Tested Using Real-World Building-Data Based O-FDTD Simulations and Experimental Characterization

Smart Monitoring and Controlling of Appliances Using LoRa Based IoT System

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