Performance Gender Gap: Does Competition Matter?

Örs, Evren; Palomino, Frédéric; Peyrache, Eloïc

doi:10.1086/669331

Cited by 160 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…One of the exams was a baccalauréat, which is taken before the entrance exam, and the other was taken in the first year of core courses. The study shows that women performed worse than men on the selective exam, but they performed as well or even better on two other less competitive exams (Ors, Palomino and Peyrache 2013).…”

Section: Alicja Zawistowskamentioning

confidence: 74%

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Gender Differences in High-Stakes Maths Testing. Findings From Poland

Zawistowska

2017

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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Abstract. The present research investigates gender gaps in the results of secondary school exit exams (Matura) in mathematics in Poland in 2015. The analysis shows that, in the basic level exam, males are highly overrepresented at the upper end of the score distribution. The same pattern did not exist in the extended-level Matura. Two explanations are offered here. The differences are driven by gender self-selection in high school programs. Students who decide on maths-related tracks have more maths lessons than other students. Secondly, a student who takes the extended Matura also has to take the basic Matura exam. As a result, the population of students taking the basic Matura is highly differentiated in terms of maths competence and motivation. Additionally, the analysis of differential item functioning (DIF) shows that only a few items were flagged as having DIF.Keywords: maths, gender, Poland, Matura, DIF, Mantel-Haenszel.School tests are expected to properly reflect the levels of skills of the students taking them. Students who have the same abilities should have the same chances to give the correct answers to test questions, regardless of sex, skin colour, or social background. However, in reality there are many factors which may potentially interfere with test results. Some of them concern the student, his/her mood, motivation, and pre-examination stress levels, as well as the construction of the test itself. This last includes the choice of questions, their format, or the the effect of teachers through different teachers making differing assessments of the same answers (Pokropek, Jakubowski 2009). The necessity to preserve the high quality of the didactic measurement is especially important in relation to high-stakes teststhat is, those which have a crucial impact on the next stage of education. In the Polish system of education, Matura is such an examination. Its results determine the chances of continuing an education in tertiary institutions, and indirectly influence the future professional career. It is obvious that this will be the case, based on the assumption that Matura results are a good

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Section: Alicja Zawistowskamentioning

confidence: 74%

“…A very illustrative example of that phenomenon is provided by Ors, Palomino and Peyrache (2013). To determine the influence of high pressure on performance, they utilised real-world data from the entrance examination to a highly selective French business school (ranked as the first in Europe in its category).…”

Section: Alicja Zawistowskamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in High-Stakes Maths Testing. Findings From Poland

Zawistowska

2017

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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“…However, males increased their speed when in competition while females ran slower, leading the males to win 80% of mixed sex group competitions. Ors, Palomino and Peyrache (2013) and Jurajda and Munich (2011), using data from entrance exams, respectively, at a highly competitive business school in France and at Czech universities, find that women perform worse under competitive pressure.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Are females scared of competing with males? Results from a field experiment

Paola

Gioia

Scoppa

2015

Economics of Education Review

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu We conducted a field experiment involving 720 Italian undergraduate students to investigate the existence of gender differences in performance in competitive settings and whether performance is affected by one's opponent gender. The experimental design was aimed at disentangling gender differences in taste for competition from other differences in psychological attitudes, such as self-confidence and risk aversion. Students were invited to undertake a midterm exam under a tournament scheme having as a prize some bonus points to add to the final grade. Students competed in pairs of equal predicted ability but different gender composition. We find that females are as likely as males to take part in the competition and to obtain a good performance. The gender of one's competitor does not play any role in shaping students' behavior. Men and women perform similarly both in the competitive and in the non-competitive environment. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SJEL Classification: J16, J24, J70, C93

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“…Similarly, Shurchkov (2012) observed that while women perform better in a low-pressure verbal exam, they underperformed men in a high-pressure math-based exam. In addition, Ors, Palomino, and Peyrache (2013) observed that men performed better than women in a highly competitive entry exam to a selective French business school (HEC). However, for the same cohorts of candidates, females performed significantly better both in an earlier, less competitive pass/fail type of exam and, once admitted, during the less competitive first year of their studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choking under pressure and gender: Evidence from professional tennis

Cohen-Zada

Krumer

Rosenboim

et al. 2017

Journal of Economic Psychology

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Choking under Pressure and Gender: Evidence from Professional Tennis februAry 2017Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

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Performance Gender Gap: Does Competition Matter?

Cited by 160 publications

References 15 publications

Gender Differences in High-Stakes Maths Testing. Findings From Poland

Gender Differences in High-Stakes Maths Testing. Findings From Poland

Are females scared of competing with males? Results from a field experiment

Choking under pressure and gender: Evidence from professional tennis

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