Performance, immune response, and oxidative stress parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing varying carbohydrate/protein, lipid/protein, and energy/protein ratios

Ruvalcaba-Márquez, Juan C.; Álvarez-Ruíz, Píndaro; Zenteno‐Savín, Tania; Martínez-Antonio, Eliza M.; Goytortúa-Bores, Ernesto; Casillas-Hernández, Ramón; Mejı́a-Ruı́z, Humberto; Magallón‐Barajas, Francisco J.

doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100771

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In the same study, shrimp reared in biofloc grew well when diets contained 30.3% dietary protein [57], suggesting lower protein diets can be used in systems with higher availability of natural feeds such as biofloc. Higher dietary lipid (relative to higher lipid to protein ratios) has been shown to improve shrimp resistance to oxidative stress and immune system pressure [131]. Requirement studies may need to be specifically designed to assess the need for micronutrients within those conditions (likely lower levels of individual feed intake).…”

Section: Nutrient Requirements In Super-intensive Systems and Tailore...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensification of Penaeid Shrimp Culture: An Applied Review of Advances in Production Systems, Nutrition and Breeding

Emerenciano

Rombenso

Vieira

et al. 2022

Animals

105

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Intensification of the shrimp sector, also referred to as vertical expansion, has been predominately driven by consecutive incidences of global disease outbreaks, which have caused enormous economic loss for the main producer countries. A growing segment of the shrimp farming industry has opted to use production systems with higher density, biosecurity, and operating control to mitigate the risks posed by disease. However, successful super-intensive shrimp production is reliant on an advanced understanding of many important biological and economic parameters in the farming system, coupled with effective monitoring, to maintain optimal production. Compared to traditional extensive or semi-intensive systems, super-intensive systems require higher inputs of feed, energy, labor, and supplements. These systems are highly sensitive to the interactions between these different inputs and require that the biological and economical parameters of farming are carefully balanced to ensure success. Advancing nutritional knowledge and tools to support consistent and efficient production of shrimp in these high-cost super-intensive systems is also necessary. Breeding programs developing breeding-lines selected for these challenging super-intensive environments are critical. Understanding synergies between the key areas of production systems, nutrition, and breeding are crucial for super-intensive farming as all three areas coalesce to influence the health of shrimp and commercial farming success. This article reviews current strategies and innovations being used for Litopenaeus vannamei in production systems, nutrition, and breeding, and discusses the synergies across these areas that can support the production of healthy and high-quality shrimp in super-intensive systems. Finally, we briefly discuss some key issues of social license pertinent to the super-intensive shrimp farming industry.

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Section: Nutrient Requirements In Super-intensive Systems and Tailore...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensification of Penaeid Shrimp Culture: An Applied Review of Advances in Production Systems, Nutrition and Breeding

Emerenciano

Rombenso

Vieira

et al. 2022

Animals

105

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“…As a type of plant protein, CPC has been proved to improve the growth performance of L. vannamei when used as a replacement of fishmeal [ 18 ]. L. vannamei is an invertebrate that relies on its innate immune system to combat disease [ 18 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Therefore, various non-specific immune indices are often chosen to assess the impact on immunity [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Immunoregulation of Replacing Fishmeal with Cottonseed Protein Concentrates on Litopenaeus vannamei

Wang

Chen

et al. 2023

Animals

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Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) is a new non-food protein source with high crude protein, low price, and abundant resources, making it an ideal substitute for fishmeal. In this study, we investigated the effects of CPC re placing fishmeal on the immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei using transcriptome sequencing. L. vannamei (initial body weight: 0.42 ± 0.01 g) were fed four isonitrogenous and isolipid feeds for eight weeks, with CPC replacing fishmeal at 0% (control, FM), 15% (CPC15), 30% (CPC30), and 45% (CPC45), respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, the changes of the activities and expression of immune-related enzymes were consistent in L. vannamei in the CPC-containing group when compared with the FM group. Among them, the activities of ACP, PO, and LZM in the group whose diet was CPC30 were significantly higher than those in the FM group. Moreover, the activities of AKP, SOD, and CAT were significantly higher in the group containing CPC than in the FM group. Furthermore, all CPC groups had considerably lower MDA levels than the FM group. This suggests that the substitution of fishmeal with CPC leads to a significant immune response in L. vannamei. Compared with the FM group, transcriptome analysis identified 805 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (484 down and 321 up), 694 (266 down and 383 up), and 902 (434 down and 468 up) in CPC15, CPC30, and CPC45, respectively. Among all DEGs, 121 DEGs were shared among different CPC-containing groups compared with the FM group. Most of these differential genes are involved in immune-related signaling pathways. The top 20 signaling pathways enriched for differential genes contained toxoplasmosis, pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, insulin resistance, and Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways, in which NF-kappa-B inhibitor Cactus were involved. In addition, trend analysis comparison of the DEGs shared by the group with CPC in the diet and the FM group showed that Cactus genes were significantly down-regulated in the group with CPC in the diet and were lowest in the CPC30 group. Consistently, the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes was significantly higher in both diet-containing CPC groups than in the FM group. In conclusion, the moderate amount of CPC substituted for fishmeal may improve the immunity of L. vannamei by suppressing the expression of Cactus genes, thereby increasing the expression of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes.

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“…According to Putranti et al [12], the occurrence of growth indicates that the energy/protein (GE/P) of the feed given has exceeded the needs of fish for maintenance. Ruvalcaba-Márquez et al [13] stated that an adequate balance (Protein, lipid, and carbohydrate ratio) between all macronutrients in the feed is essential to improving growth.…”

Section: Absolute Length Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Growth & Survival of Tilapia Fry (Oreochronis niloticus) with the Addition of Fermented Coconut Pulp to Feed

Nurwahida,

Ardiansyah,

Yuliadi

et al. 2024

AJFAR

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Feed is one of the components that support the aquaculture business, hence the available feed must be sufficient and meet the needs of the fish. The use of coconut pulp as a feed ingredient is limited by its low protein content and high crude fiber content, which reduces the feed's digestibility level. Fermentation is a technology used to increase protein content and reduce crude fiber content, and increase protein digestibility. A. adding fermented coconut pulp 65%, commercial feed 35%, B. adding fermented coconut pulp 45%, commercial feed 55%, C. adding fermented coconut pulp 25%, 75% commercial feed, D. Control (100% commercial feed). This study aimed to analyze the effect of adding fermented coconut pulp to the commercial feed on the growth and survival of tilapia fry (Orechromis niloticus). The research is an experimental study using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications for 12 experimental units. The results showed that the addition of fermented coconut pulp to tilapia feed had no significant effect on absolute weight and absolute length growth, but had a significant effect on the survival rate of tilapia fry. The best dose of adding fermented coconut pulp to the feed was found in the 25% treatment. The addition of fermented coconut pulp up to 45% did not make a significant difference with the use of commercial feed (control). This indicates the addition of fermented coconut pulp up to 45% can still be given to fish, hence it can be recommended that the addition of fermented coconut pulp to the feed should not exceed 45%.

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Performance, immune response, and oxidative stress parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing varying carbohydrate/protein, lipid/protein, and energy/protein ratios

Cited by 9 publications

References 55 publications

Intensification of Penaeid Shrimp Culture: An Applied Review of Advances in Production Systems, Nutrition and Breeding

Intensification of Penaeid Shrimp Culture: An Applied Review of Advances in Production Systems, Nutrition and Breeding

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Immunoregulation of Replacing Fishmeal with Cottonseed Protein Concentrates on Litopenaeus vannamei

The Growth & Survival of Tilapia Fry (Oreochronis niloticus) with the Addition of Fermented Coconut Pulp to Feed

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