Performance improvement of data transmission using a hybrid underwater and terrestrial system

In an underwater environment, it is necessary but tough to track the location of deployed sensor nodes because of node's mobility, nonavailability of GPS, node software or hardware failure and so forth. Due to these reasons, nodes cannot directly communicate with enough beacons in the neighbourhoods, resulting into localization error. This creates the need to develop the range‐based localization method that takes into consideration the features of the underwater environment with precise location estimation. The existing range‐based localization techniques involve huge computational and storage overhead along with localization latency. To solve these problems, a hybrid localization estimation technique of received signal strength (RSS) and angle of arrival (AoA) is presented in this article. In this hybrid method, AoA is estimated from the primary anchor (PA) while RSS is measured from the selected set of secondary anchors (SAs). Further, Game theory model is also applied to considerably increase the precision by choosing the optimum set of SAs even in the mobility assisted underwater environment. The proposed technique of identifying unknown sensor nodes is tested through NS2 simulation with multiple runs. The proposed technique achieves minimum localization error, delay, energy consumption and high packet delivery ratio in comparison to topology control for energy‐efficient localization, game theory based routing protocol, iterative mobile target localization, and RSS‐based localization.

Section: Corollarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Game theory based hybrid localization technique for underwater wireless sensor networks

Kumar

Goyal

Qaisi

et al. 2022

“…The performance of a hybrid underwater‐terrestrial data transmission system with low‐complexity linear equalization. Underwater audio communication has become one of the most problematic technologies due to low speed, salinity, water depth, pH degree, and water temperature fluctuations 20 . To achieve more bandwidth in seawater than in free space, we need to increase the feed point distance for the antenna 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel high gain dual band ear bud shaped patch antenna for under water communications

Kumar

2022

This article elucidates a high gain dual band ear bud shaped patch antenna with mm wave technology. The pivotal characteristic of this design is to provide higher gain and less interference at higher frequencies. It operates at a frequency of 40.59 and 52.002 GHz. The major advantage of this design is that it produces the circular polarization in entire band of frequency; moreover this antenna is useful for under water communication. The proposed design introduces two splits, imprinted at the walls of patch to get a wide band. For an optimal design, a future antenna parametric analysis was carried out. The proposed design is developed with the aid of HFSS software; we measured major parameters S11, VSWR, gain and radiation patterns in free space and underground environment. In the results, the predicted antenna radiation pattern is seen for E‐plane and H‐plane at various frequency bands. The gain 3D polar plots and current distribution plots are presented, including a comparison of previous work to the current work. We assure that the suggested design is applicable for under water communication.

“…Emerging information and communication technologies (ICTs) infrastructure plays a significant role in the realization of industrial wireless sensor networks (WSN) 4.0. Within the industrial WSN 4.0 framework, the principal goal of ICTs is to establish extremely reliable, energy‐efficient, and versatile communication infrastructure regarding UWA system which authorizes guidelines to empower real‐time interactions between transmitter and receiver efficiently 1‐3 . Recently, UWA communication has been a significant research field on the basis of its massive applications, for example, underwater navigation and tracking, marine research, offshore oil industry, and oceanography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peak to average power ratio alleviation by utilizing swarm intelligence along with machine learning for multiple input multiple output‐orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based underwater acoustic communication system

BanooriFarhad

ShiJinglun

ArshadJehangir

et al. 2021

An underwater acoustic (UWA) network uses multiple input multiple output‐orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO‐OFDM) to achieve high data rate with high amplitude that results in terms of augmented peak to average power ratio (PAPR). This significant PAPR deemed as a stumbling block to degrade the performance of MIMO‐OFDM in UWA communication by causing nonlinear distortion within the high‐power amplifier (HPA). While PAPR mitigation techniques have been suggested for the single input single output UWA case, there has been limited research work on controlling the PAPR dilemma in the MIMO‐OFDM UWA case. To address this flaw, this article proposes a modified behavior of the artificial bee colony algorithm at the transmission end, which is further cross‐verified using machine learning techniques. The simulation results show that the proposed technique outperforms current state‐of‐the‐art PAPR diminishing methods, which is further enhanced in accordance with varying neuron counts and population size. Following that, we also analyzed and compared energy efficiency and performance gain of our proposed technique along with various advanced techniques. Furthermore, a desirable ratio between new and trained data was obtained to improve network efficiency by keeping PAPR values low.