Performance improvement techniques for RSSI based localization methods

ZigBee wireless smart plug network with RSSI multi‐lateration‐based proximity estimation and parallelised machine learning capabilities for demand response

“…It does not discuss clustering or how this information may be used meaningfully for any application. Reference [15] discusses how performance may be increased by radiofrequency (RF) fingerprinting and exponent modeling. Al Shayokh et al explored how exponent modelling may be used in combination with RSSI‐based multi‐lateration to estimate radio locations with a margin of error between 5 and 9 m. The authors see the potential to incorporate exponent modelling in their future work if this margin can be pushed below one meter.…”

An experimental study of indoor RSS-based RF fingerprinting localization using GSM and Wi-Fi signals

“…The RF multilateration method is not preferred for the localization of mobile devices in large indoor environments, such as shopping malls and airports, since they cannot satisfy these requirements. In the literature, RF fingerprinting method has better accuracy and a more reliable performance in indoor environments [9]. Therefore, in this paper, the RF fingerprinting method is considered and experimentally analyzed.…”

“…However, due to nondeterministic effects, such as fading, multipath propagation, and shadowing, the modeling requires an additional offline training phase for different scenarios. Note that the RF multilateration method provides an acceptable positioning accuracy with the following conditions [9,12,14]: 1) smaller test area, 2) large number of reference nodes (APs and BSs), 3) known path loss exponent for each reference node, and 4) line-of-sight environment. The RF multilateration method is not preferred for the localization of mobile devices in large indoor environments, such as shopping malls and airports, since they cannot satisfy these requirements.…”

“…Several theoretical and experimental studies have shown the challenges of RSS-based localization techniques in the literature [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Cost-effective solutions utilize readily available commercial RF signals, such as cellular GSM and Wi-Fi, and employ software algorithms without any additional hardware requirements [5].…”