Performance indicators and use case analysis for wireless networks in factory automation

Dietrich, Steven; May, Günther; Wetter, Oliver; Heeren, Holger; Fohler, Gerhard

doi:10.1109/etfa.2017.8247605

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Moreover, an update time of 0.1-5 seconds is usually required. Communication ranges are larger than in FA and may vary between 100 and 500 meters [24] [25].…”

Section: B Use Cases and Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

et al. 2020

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Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet refer to the expected revolution in production, utility management and, in general, fully automated, interconnected and digitally managed industrial ecosystems. One of the key enablers for Industry 4.0 lies on reliable and timely exchange of information and large scale deployment of wireless communications in industry facilities. Wireless will bring solutions to overcome the main drawbacks of the current wired systems: lack of mobility, deployment costs, cable damage dependency and scalability. However, the strict requirements in reliability and latency of use cases such as Factory Automation (FA) and Process Automation (PA) are still a major challenge and a barrier for massive deployment of currently available wireless standards. This paper proposes a PHY/MAC wireless communication solution for FA and PA based on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in combination with the 802.11n standard. The communication system proposed aims at delivering two different sets of services. The first service class is composed of Critical Services (CS) with strict restrictions in reliability and latency. The same communication system should convey also a second group of services, referred as Best Effort (BE) with more relaxed boundary conditions. The proposal theoretical background, a detailed transmission-reception architecture, the physical layer performance and the MAC level system reliability are presented in this paper. The solution provides significantly better reliability and higher flexibility than TDMA systems, jointly with a predictable control-cycle latency.

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“…Moreover, an update time of 0.1-5 seconds is usually required. Communication ranges are larger than in FA and may vary between 100 and 500 meters [24] [25].…”

Section: B Use Cases and Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the critical role of communications in their respective processes, depending on the application, they require bounded latencies (0.25-10 ms) and Packet Loss Rate (PLR) in the range of 10 -7 -10 -9 . In addition, the update time is between 0.5-50 ms and coverage areas are usually well below 100 meters [24] [25].…”

Section: B Use Cases and Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

et al. 2020

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“…They have the advantage of flexibility and scalability when compared to wired communication. The problem of packet error rate arises from hybrid wired/wireless networks and solutions are proposed in [17] for ensuring reliability by applying machine safety standards. A special case of PID controllers are the so-called fractional order PID controllers.…”

Section: On the Pid And Mpc Control Duality: Whatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 5W’s for Control as Part of Industry 4.0: Why, What, Where, Who, and When—A PID and MPC Control Perspective

Maxim

Copot

et al. 2019

Inventions

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The advent of Industry 4.0(I4.0) has pushed technology beyond its physical limits, making the process prone to errors and poorer performance. Whether it is about smart manufacturing where mass customization is envisaged, or collaborative human–robot engineering systems, the pyramid of process operation has changed to a matrix form and control is the backbone of all process elements. The paper gives a concise guideline as to how, when, where, and what to apply when it comes to choosing the most suitable control strategy as a function of multi-parameter objective optimization. Both proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and model predictive control (MPC) control are addressed in this context.

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“…Industrial applications can be divided into different categories depending on their functional and service requirements. Here we can distinguish between [16]:…”

Section: Background and Related Work A Industrial Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the RT requirements, other parameters such as the network reliability (expressed through Packet Loss Rate (PLR) metric), the cycle time of the applications or the length of the data packets to send must also be considered. Hence, the reference requirements of CM, PA and FA applications are shown in Table 1 [8], [16], [18], [19].…”

Section: Background and Related Work A Industrial Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Evaluation of a Wired/Wireless Hybrid Architecture for Distributed Control Systems With Mobility Requirements

Fernandez¹,

Seijo²,

Mendicute

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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Wireless communications offer significant benefits over wired communications, which has increased their popularity in industrial applications. Nevertheless, the existing wireless standard technologies do not satisfy the requirements demanded by the most critical industrial applications and thus, wired communications cannot be directly replaced by wireless solutions. Moreover, the inclusion of movable nodes in the network brings new challenges, such as the handover mechanism. In this paper, a hybrid wired/wireless architecture designed for industrial control applications is proposed. To control the wired network, a timesensitive network (TSN) is used and to control the wireless network a medium access control (MAC) protocol is designed. In order to communicate both networks, a bridge that acts as a deterministic access point (AP) with real-time features is also proposed. One of the fundamental parts of the proposed architecture is that it can be used in applications with mobility requirements. Hence, a soft-handover algorithm is designed which guarantees uninterrupted communication during its execution without the need for a second radio interface and with reduced growth in network overhead. The proposed architecture is evaluated in order to assess its performance. This paper extends our previous work, including both a theoretical analysis to determine the delay bounds of the proposed architecture and a comparison between the performances of the proposed handover algorithm with other algorithms proposed in the literature. The evaluation has been carried out through OMNeT++ simulations. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed handover algorithm compared with other state-of-the-art solutions. INDEX TERMSHandover, IEEE 802.11, industrial communications, industrial wireless sensor and actuator networks, real-time communications, SHARP, TSN, wireless communications. ZALOA FERNÁNDEZ received the B.Sc. degree in telecommunications systems engineering and the M.Sc. degree in embedded systems from the University of Mondragon, Spain, in 2014 and 2016, respectively. She is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Communications Systems Group, IKERLAN Technological Research Centre, Mondragón, Spain, in collaboration with the Signal Theory and Communications Group, University of Mondragon, Spain. Her research interest includes reliable wireless time-critical communications for industrial automation applications. ÓSCAR SEIJO received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in telecommunications engineering from the University of Oviedo, Spain, in 2015 and 2017, respectively. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Communications Systems Group of IKERLAN Technological Research Centre, Mondragón, Spain, in collaboration with the Signal Theory and Communications (TSC) Group, University of Oviedo, Spain. His research interests include wireless high-performance PHY and MAC design for industrial applications, time synchronization over wireless systems, and digital signal processing. MIKEL MENDICUTE received the B.S...

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Performance indicators and use case analysis for wireless networks in factory automation

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

The 5W’s for Control as Part of Industry 4.0: Why, What, Where, Who, and When—A PID and MPC Control Perspective

Analysis and Evaluation of a Wired/Wireless Hybrid Architecture for Distributed Control Systems With Mobility Requirements

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