Performance limits of uncooled VO x microbolometer focal plane arrays

Kohin, Margaret; Butler, Neal R.

doi:10.1117/12.542482

Cited by 73 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The thermal noise contribution is inversely proportional to the bias voltage. Both ROIC noise and thermal noise approach the thermal fluctuation noise at rather high biases, and thermal fluctuation noise is dominated by thermal conductance of the detector legs, which can be as low as [37]. W/K 10 5 .…”

Section: Thermal Detectors Upper Limit Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

IR region challenges: Photon or thermal detectors? Outlook and means

Sizov¹

2012

Semicond. Phys. Quantum Electron. Optoelectron.

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Abstract. Infrared (IR) detectors play now an increasing role in different areas of human activity (e.g., security and military applications, tracking and targeting, environmental surveillance, fire and harvest control, communications, law enforcement, space surveillance of the Earth, medical diagnostics, etc.). Discussed in the paper are issues associated with the development and exploitation of up to date basic IR radiation detectors and arrays. Recent progress of basic for applications focal plane arrays (FPAs) that has rendered significant influence on infrared imaging is analyzed, and comparison of FPA detector performance characteristics is described with account of operational conditions and performance limits.

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Section: Thermal Detectors Upper Limit Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

IR region challenges: Photon or thermal detectors? Outlook and means

Sizov¹

2012

Semicond. Phys. Quantum Electron. Optoelectron.

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“…can be introduced for long wavelength IR bolometers [16]. Users are interested not only in the sensitivity, but also in their thermal time constants and the FOM described by Eq.…”

Section: Thermal Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiconductor detectors and focal plane arrays for far-infrared imaging

Rogalski

2013

Opto-Electronics Review

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The detection of far-infrared (far-IR) and sub-mm-wave radiation is resistant to the commonly employed techniques in the neighbouring microwave and IR frequency bands. In this wavelength detection range the use of solid state detectors has been hampered for the reasons of transit time of charge carriers being larger than the time of one oscillation period of radiation. Also the energy of radiation quanta is substantially smaller than the thermal energy at room temperature and even liquid nitrogen temperature. The realization of terahertz (THz) emitters and receivers is a challenge because the frequencies are too high for conventional electronics and the photon energies are too small for classical optics.Development of semiconductor focal plane arrays started in seventies last century and has revolutionized imaging systems in the next decades. This paper presents progress in far-IR and sub-mm-wave semiconductor detector technology of focal plane arrays during the past twenty years. Special attention is given on recent progress in the detector technologies for real-time uncooled THz focal plane arrays such as Schottky barrier arrays, field-effect transistor detectors, and microbolometers. Also cryogenically cooled silicon and germanium extrinsic photoconductor arrays, and semiconductor bolometer arrays are considered.

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“…If the NEDT is dominated by a noise source that is proportional to G th , which has place when Johnson and 1/f noises are dominated, and since τ th = C th /G th (C th is the thermal capacity of the detector), then the figure of merit (FOM) given by FOM = NEDT × τ th (3) can be introduced [62]. Users are interested not only in the sensitivity, but also in their thermal time constants and the FOM described by Eq.…”

Section: Outlook On Uncooled Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Detectors for the Future

Rogalski

2009

Acta Phys. Pol. A

127

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In the paper, fundamental and technological issues associated with the development and exploitation of the most advanced infrared detector technologies are discussed. In this class of detectors both photon and thermal detectors are considered. Special attention is directed to HgCdTe ternary alloys on silicon, type-II superlattices, uncooled thermal bolometers, and novel uncooled micromechanical cantilever detectors. Despite serious competition from alternative technologies and slower progress than expected, HgCdTe is unlikely to be seriously challenged for high-performance applications, applications requiring multispectral capability and fast response. However, the nonuniformity is a serious problem in the case of LWIR and VLWIR HgCdTe detectors. In this context, it is predicted that type-II superlattice system seems to be an alternative to HgCdTe in long wavelength spectral region. In well established uncooled imaging, VO x microbolometer arrays are clearly the most used technology. In spite of successful commercialization of uncooled microbolometers, the infrared community is still searching for a platform for thermal imagers that combine affordability, convenience of operation, and excellent performance. Recent advances in microelectromechanical systems have led to the development of uncooled IR detectors operating as micromechanical thermal detectors. Between them the most important are biomaterial microcantilevers.

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Performance limits of uncooled VO x microbolometer focal plane arrays

Cited by 73 publications

References 2 publications

IR region challenges: Photon or thermal detectors? Outlook and means

IR region challenges: Photon or thermal detectors? Outlook and means

Semiconductor detectors and focal plane arrays for far-infrared imaging

Infrared Detectors for the Future

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