Performance Management in Saudi Arabia: The Effects of Employee Engagement, Physical Fitness and Healthy Lifestyle on Job Performance towards Absenteeism

Abstract

This study has been conducted to identify the effect of employees' engagement, physical fitness including their style (behaviour) on job performance and absenteeism from work in Saudi Arabia. This is a significant study due to the fact that absenteeism from the work has a direct effect on productivity and organisations' performance. Absenteeism is a continuous pattern of absence from duty without a reasonable excuse and leads to poor performance. The study encompasses an investigation on the impact of the above three independent variables through empirical research and data analysis. This study is carried out by the survey method and is empirical in nature. The tool used in this study for analysis is the regression model developed by Sir Francis Galton. The results show a positive relationship between independent variables (employee engagement and healthy behaviour) and the dependent variables (job performance). However, there is not a strong relationship between the third independent variable (physical health) and job performance. The second dependent variable which is absenteeism and result shows no relationship with any independent variables (employee engagement, physical fitness and healthy behaviour).

A Systematic Literature Review on Job Performance in Diverse Organizations from 2010 to 2023

“…Contextual performance at the team level, although less common, provided insights into the importance of teamwork, cooperation, and mutual support among team members for overall team success (e.g., Jayaweera, 2015;Rylková & Bernatík, 2015). On the organizational level (26.83% of the articles), Process/job performance studies delved into organizational processes, practices, and systems influencing productivity, while Contextual performance studies highlighted the role of employees' extra-role contributions in enhancing organizational culture and climate (e.g., Alashab & Mohamad, 2020;Almarakshi et al, 2019;Sinha & Laghate, 2023;Arshad et al, 2015;Saltson, 2015;Dekoulou & Trivellas, 2015). In terms of Outcome performance, at the individual level (24.39% of the articles), Financial performance received substantial attention, focusing on the financial outcomes achieved by individuals and organizations, alongside studies exploring non-financial outcomes like customer satisfaction and service quality (e.g., Hamdany, 2022;Ližbetinová et al, 2017;Cetinkaya et al, 2019;Danish et al, 2015;Newman et al, 2015;Andjarwati et al, 2019).…”

“…At the organizational level, Process/job performance is examined by Alashab & Mohamad (2020); Almarakshi et al (2019); Sinha & Laghate (2023), delving into organizational processes, practices, and systems impacting overall productivity and effectiveness. Contextual performance at the organizational level is explored by Arshad et al (2015); Saltson (2015); Dekoulou & Trivellas (2015), investigating employees' extra-role contributions enhancing organizational culture and climate.…”