Performance of a fast and high‐resolution multi‐echo spin‐echo sequence for prostate T<sub>2</sub> mapping across multiple systems

Houdt, Petra J. van; Agarwal, Harsh; Buuren, L. D. van; Heijmink, Stijn W. T. P. J.; Haack, Søren; Poel, Henk G. van der; Ghobadi, Ghazaleh; Pos, Floris J.; Peeters, Johannes M.; Choyke, Peter L.; Heide, Uulke A. van der

doi:10.1002/mrm.26816

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The use of inner volume selection to accelerate luminal water imaging may make the technique suitable for clinical practice. Moreover, while monoexponential T 2 mapping of the prostate is reproducible, assessment of biexponential measurement variability will need to be established before it can be adopted clinically . This will not be a trivial task, as test–retest experiments with endorectal coils cannot be clinically justified, while phased‐array coils have insufficient SNR, an essential requirement for accurate estimation of T 2 values .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing structure of normal and malignant prostate tissue before and after radiation therapy with luminal water fraction and diffusion‐weighted MRI

Carlin

Orton

Collins

et al. 2018

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Background Interpretation of diffusion in conjunction with T2‐weighted MRI is essential for assessing prostate cancer; however, the combination of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with quantitative T2 mapping remains unexplored. Purpose To document the T2 components and ADC of untreated and irradiated nonmalignant prostate tissue as a measure of their glandular luminal and cellular compartments and to compare values with those of tumor. Study Type Prospective. Population Twenty‐four men with prostate cancer (14 untreated; 10 with biochemical recurrence following radiation therapy). Field Strength/Sequences Endorectal 3 T MRI including a 32‐echo gradient echo and spin echo (GRASE) and an 8 b‐value diffusion‐weighted sequence. Assessment Regions of interest were drawn on ADC maps and T2‐weighted images around focal lesions in areas of biopsy‐positive prostate cancer and in nonmalignant areas of untreated and irradiated peripheral zone (PZ), and untreated transitional zone (TZ). Multiecho T2 data were fitted with mono‐/biexponential decay and nonnegative least squares functions. The luminal water fraction (LWF) was derived. Statistical Tests The preference between mono‐ and biexponential decay was assessed using the Bayesian information criterion. Differences in fitted parameters between tissue types were compared (paired t‐test within groups, Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon rank‐sum test between groups) and correlations between ADC and T2 components assessed (Spearman rank correlation test). Results LWF in tumor (0.09) was significantly lower than in PZ or TZ (0.27 and 0.18, P < 0.01, respectively), but tumor values were comparable to nonmalignant irradiated prostate (0.08). The short T2 relaxation rate was lower in tumor than in nonmalignant untreated or irradiated tissue (significant compared with TZ, P = 0.01). There was a strong correlation between LWF and ADC in normal untreated tissue (r = 0.88, P < 0.001). This relationship was absent in nonmalignant irradiated prostrate (r = –0.35, P = 0.42) and in tumor (r = –0.04, P = 0.88). Data Conclusion T2 components in conjunction with ADC can be used to characterize untreated and irradiated nonmalignant prostate and tumor. LWF is most useful at discriminating tumor in the untreated prostate. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:619–627.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing structure of normal and malignant prostate tissue before and after radiation therapy with luminal water fraction and diffusion‐weighted MRI

Carlin

Orton

Collins

et al. 2018

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…The mp‐MRI protocol consisted of an axial, sagittal, and coronal T 2 w turbo spin echo; a 3D gradient echo T 1 ‐weighted (T 1 w); a balanced steady‐state free‐precession (bSSFP); an axial multiecho spin echo k‐t‐T 2 sequence, with 12 echoes acquired at a spacing of 16 msec, starting at 32 msec; a transversal DWI and a DCE sequence. DWI was acquired using a single‐shot spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging sequence with diffusion encoding b‐values ranging from 0 to 800 s/mm 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative 3T multiparametric MRI of benign and malignant prostatic tissue in patients with and without local recurrent prostate cancer after external‐beam radiation therapy

Fernandes

Houdt

Heijmink

et al. 2018

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Background Post‐radiotherapy locally recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) patients are candidates for focal salvage treatment. Multiparametric MRI (mp‐MRI) is attractive for tumor localization. However, radiotherapy‐induced tissue changes complicate image interpretation. To develop focal salvage strategies, accurate tumor localization and distinction from benign tissue is necessary. Purpose To quantitatively characterize radio‐recurrent tumor and benign radiation‐induced changes using mp‐MRI, and investigate which sequences optimize the distinction between tumor and benign surroundings. Study Type Prospective case–control. Subjects Thirty‐three patients with biochemical failure after external‐beam radiotherapy (cases), 35 patients without post‐radiotherapy recurrent disease (controls), and 13 patients with primary PCa (untreated). Field Strength/Sequences 3T; quantitative mp‐MRI: T 2 ‐mapping, ADC, and K trans and k ep maps. Assessment Quantitative image‐analysis of prostatic regions, within and between cases, controls, and untreated patients. Statistical Tests Within‐groups: nonparametric Friedman analysis of variance with post‐hoc Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests; between‐groups: Mann–Whitney tests. All with Bonferroni corrections. Generalized linear mixed modeling to ascertain the contribution of each map and location to tumor likelihood. Results Benign imaging values were comparable between cases and controls ( P = 0.15 for ADC in the central gland up to 0.91 for k ep in the peripheral zone), both with similarly high peri‐urethral K trans and k ep values (min −1 ) (median [range]: K trans = 0.22 [0.14–0.43] and 0.22 [0.14–0.36], P = 0.60, k ep = 0.43 [0.24–0.57] and 0.48 [0.32–0.67], P = 0.05). After radiotherapy, benign central gland values were significantly decreased for all maps ( P ≤ 0.001) as well as T 2 , K trans , and k ep of benign peripheral zone (all with P ≤ 0.002). All imaging maps distinguished recurrent tumor from benign peripheral zone, but only ADC, K trans , and k ep were able to distinguish it from benign central gland. Recurrent tumor and peri‐urethral K trans values were not significantly different ( P = 0.81), but k ep values were ( P < 0.001). Combining all quantitative maps ...

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“…Quantitative 3D MRI has thus promise to improve diagnostic ability, in particular in follow‐up (active surveillance) and longitudinal studies . Quantitative mapping of T 2 relaxation rate has shown promising results for PCa discrimination . Low T 2 values were found to correlate well with the low citrate levels of cancerous tissue, which is characterized by low acinar structure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated 3D T₂ mapping with dictionary‐based matching for prostate imaging

Roccia

Shankar

Neji

et al. 2018

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose To develop a fast and accurate method for 3D T2 mapping of prostate cancer using undersampled acquisition and dictionary‐based fitting. Methods 3D high‐resolution T2‐weighted images (0.9 × 0.9 × 3 mm3) were obtained with a multishot T2‐prepared balanced steady‐state free precession (T2‐prep‐bSSFP) acquisition sequence using a 3D variable density undersampled Cartesian trajectory. Each T2‐weighted image was reconstructed using total variation regularized sensitivity encoding. A flexible simulation framework based on extended phase graphs generated a dictionary of magnetization signals, which was customized to the proposed sequence. The dictionary was matched to the acquired T2‐weighted images to retrieve quantitative T2 values, which were then compared to gold‐standard spin echo acquisition values using monoexponential fitting. The proposed approach was validated in simulations and a T1/T2 phantom, and feasibility was tested in 8 healthy subjects. Results The simulation analysis showed that the proposed T2 mapping approach is robust to noise and typically observed T1 variations. T2 values obtained in the phantom with T2prep‐bSSFP and the acquisition‐specific, dictionary‐based matching were highly correlated with the gold‐standard spin echo method (r = 0.99). Furthermore, no differences were observed with the accelerated acquisition compared to the fully sampled acquisition (r = 0.99). T2 values obtained in prostate peripheral zone, central gland, and muscle in healthy subjects (age, 26 ± 6 years) were 97 ± 14, 76 ± 7, and 36 ± 3 ms, respectively. Conclusion 3D quantitative T2 mapping of the whole prostate can be achieved in 3 minutes.

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Performance of a fast and high‐resolution multi‐echo spin‐echo sequence for prostate T₂ mapping across multiple systems

Abstract: Reproducible T mapping of the prostate is feasible with good spatial resolution in a clinically reasonable scan time, allowing reliable measurement of T in structures as small as 0.5 cm . Magn Reson Med 79:1586-1594, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

Probing structure of normal and malignant prostate tissue before and after radiation therapy with luminal water fraction and diffusion‐weighted MRI

Probing structure of normal and malignant prostate tissue before and after radiation therapy with luminal water fraction and diffusion‐weighted MRI

Quantitative 3T multiparametric MRI of benign and malignant prostatic tissue in patients with and without local recurrent prostate cancer after external‐beam radiation therapy

Accelerated 3D T₂ mapping with dictionary‐based matching for prostate imaging

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Performance of a fast and high‐resolution multi‐echo spin‐echo sequence for prostate T2 mapping across multiple systems

Abstract: Reproducible T mapping of the prostate is feasible with good spatial resolution in a clinically reasonable scan time, allowing reliable measurement of T in structures as small as 0.5 cm . Magn Reson Med 79:1586-1594, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

Probing structure of normal and malignant prostate tissue before and after radiation therapy with luminal water fraction and diffusion‐weighted MRI

Probing structure of normal and malignant prostate tissue before and after radiation therapy with luminal water fraction and diffusion‐weighted MRI

Quantitative 3T multiparametric MRI of benign and malignant prostatic tissue in patients with and without local recurrent prostate cancer after external‐beam radiation therapy

Accelerated 3D T2 mapping with dictionary‐based matching for prostate imaging

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Product

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Performance of a fast and high‐resolution multi‐echo spin‐echo sequence for prostate T₂ mapping across multiple systems

Accelerated 3D T₂ mapping with dictionary‐based matching for prostate imaging