Performance of a Low‐Cost Earthquake Early Warning System (P‐Alert) and Shake Map Production during the 2018 Mw 6.4 Hualien, Taiwan, Earthquake

Wu, Yih‐Min; Mittal, Himanshu; Huang, Ting; Yang, Benjamin Ming; Jan, Jyh Cherng; Chen, Sean Kuanhsiang

doi:10.1785/0220180170

Cited by 56 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Furthermore, the directivity of the 2018 event is significant towards the south from the epicentre (Jian et al 2019;Wen et al 2019). The shake map from the early warning system supports this source characteristic (Wu et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Modelling of pulse-like velocity ground motion during the 2018 Mw 6.3 Hualien earthquake, Taiwan

Lin

Kanamori

Zhan

et al. 2020

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY The 2018 February 6 Mw 6.3 Hualien earthquake caused severe localized damage in Hualien City, located 20 km away from the epicentre. The damage was due to strong (>70 cm s−1) and sharp (duration ∼2.5 s) velocity pulses. The observed peak ground-motion velocity in Hualien City symmetrically decays with distance from the nearby Milun fault. Waveforms observed on the opposite sides of the fault show reversed polarity on the vertical and N–S components while the E–W component is almost identical. None of the published finite-fault slip models can explain the spatially highly localized large velocity pulses. In this study, we show that an Mw 5.9 strike-slip subevent on the Milun fault at 2.5 km depth, rupturing from north to south at ∼0.9Vs speed, combined with site effects caused by surficial layers with low S-wave speed, can explain the velocity pulses observed at the dense strong-motion network stations. This subevent contributes only 25 per cent of the total moment of the 2018 Hualien earthquake, suggesting that a small local slip patch near a metropolis can dominate the local hazard. Our result strongly suggests that seismic hazard assessments should consider large ground-motion variabilities caused by directivity and site effects, as observed in the 2018 Hualien earthquake.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Modelling of pulse-like velocity ground motion during the 2018 Mw 6.3 Hualien earthquake, Taiwan

Lin

Kanamori

Zhan

et al. 2020

Geophysical Journal International

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“…6). Such low-velocity structures on land might be a factor contributing to the generation of pulse-like velocity waveforms at strong-motion stations located at the southernmost tip of the Milun fault (Kuo et al 2019;Wu et al 2019). In addition, low-velocity structures down to a depth of 10 km could restrain the rupture energy from growing into deeper regions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic implications on the 2018 Hualien Earthquake

Wen

Ching³

et al. 2019

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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The 2018 Hualien earthquake occurred at the junction of the deformed continental crust of Eurasian plate and the Heping sea basin, where a northeast trending seismic belt exists. In this study, a 3D seismic tomographic inversion is used to investigate the seismogenic structures of the 2018 Hualien earthquake sequence. An earthquake relocation procedure is performed and the focal mechanisms are analyzed to study the faulting behavior. Our results indicate that the source region of the 2018 Hualien earthquake consists of complex high-angle eastward and westward dipping reverse faulting. We also observe that most earthquakes that have occurred in the area exhibit considerable variation in Vp/Vs ratios. Fluid migration may have played an essential role in causing the Vp/Vs ratio variation. We suggest that the mainshock of the 2018 Hualien earthquake may be associated with a west-dipping fault, which is a blind fault tending toward the Heping sea basin and possibly belonging to the Central Range fault system.

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“…To understand their capabilities and limitations, some Class C MEMS sensors were tested for EEW applications [21,22,23]. And currently, several MEMS-based EEW systems were developed, including the Self-Organising Seismic Early Warning Information Network (SOSEWIN) [24], the Quake-Catcher Network (QCN) [25], the P-Alert network [26], and the EDAS-MAS [27], where QCN and P-Alert network use Class C MEMS sensors to collect seismic data. The data collected by QCN and P-Alert network provided valuable observations for EEW, intensity rapid intensity reporting (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Low-Cost Seismic Sensors for Dense Earthquake Early Warning: 2018–2019 Field Testing in Southwest China

Wang

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) was proved to be a potential means of disaster reduction. Unfortunately, the performance of the EEW system is largely determined by the density of EEW network. How to reduce the cost of sensors has become an urgent problem for building a dense EEW. A low-cost seismic sensor integrated with a Class C MEMS accelerometer was proposed in this paper. Based on minimal structure design, the sensor’s reliability was enhanced, while the costs were cut down as well. To fully reveal the performance, ten of the seismic sensors were installed and tested in Sichuan Province, southwest of China from May 2018 to February 2019. The seismic records obtained by the MNSMSs were compared with those by the traditional strong motion seismographs. The records obtained by the MNSMSs have good consistency with the data obtained by the Etnas. The MNSMSs can obtain clear seismic phases that are enough to trigger earthquake detections for EEW. By noise analysis, different channels of the same sensor and different sensors have good consistency. The tested dynamic range (over 87 dB) and useful resolution (over 14.5 bits) are completely in conformity with the designed parameters. Through real field testing, small earthquakes (M 3.1–3.6) can be detected by all three components E-W, N-S, and U-D within 50 km. In all, the low-cost seismic sensor proposed as a high-performance Class C MEMS sensor can meet the needs of dense EEW in terms of noise, dynamic range, useful resolution, reliability, and detecting capabilities.

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Performance of a Low‐Cost Earthquake Early Warning System (P‐Alert) and Shake Map Production during the 2018 Mw 6.4 Hualien, Taiwan, Earthquake

Cited by 56 publications

References 30 publications

Modelling of pulse-like velocity ground motion during the 2018 Mw 6.3 Hualien earthquake, Taiwan

Modelling of pulse-like velocity ground motion during the 2018 Mw 6.3 Hualien earthquake, Taiwan

Tectonic implications on the 2018 Hualien Earthquake

Performance Evaluation of Low-Cost Seismic Sensors for Dense Earthquake Early Warning: 2018–2019 Field Testing in Southwest China

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