Performance of a single glazing assembly exposed to a fire in the centre of an enclosure

Shields, T. J.; Silcock, G. W. H.; Flood, Michael

doi:10.1002/fam.783

Cited by 90 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As a result, thermal stresses develop increasingly due to temperature differences, and the glass pane will break and even fall out at a certain level. Experimental tests have been carried out to study glass breakage in fires using room calorimeters and bench-scale test facilities [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Gas and surface temperatures and heat fluxes for breaking glass were studied for numerous types of glass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas and surface temperatures and heat fluxes for breaking glass were studied for numerous types of glass. Experimental results suggest that 3 mm thick float glass break out at about 360 • C [7] and 4-6 mm thick float glass fall out at about 450 • C [2].Toughened glass (or tempered glass) appears to survive higher temperatures than float glass, and it is unlikely to break out until after the room fire has reached flashover (at about 600 • C) [4]. Double-layer of glass can withstand much more severe fires than single-layer glass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and numerical study of fire spread upon double-skin glass facades

Lei

Huang

2013

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. This paper presents experimental and numerical studies of fire and smoke movement in the cavity of double-skin glass facades. The experimental tests were conducted using a two-storey rig with double-skin facade installed. Test results showed that double-layer of toughened glass panes broke when the temperatures reached about 600 • C-800 • C; the fire and smoke plume from the fire room were more likely to impede on the external skin in the cavity at the steady burning stage, and this could cause the external skin to break. The FDS model was employed to simulate one of the experimental tests and further used to study the effect of fire sources and cavity depths. Numerical modellings show good agreement when comparing the modelled temperatures with the measured temperatures next to the internal skins and external skins. For fully-developed fires in the modelling scenarios, the fire and smoke plume hit the external panes without any attaching to the internal panes. The fire and smoke plume could break the external skin but the internal skins are safe at low temperatures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical study of fire spread upon double-skin glass facades

Lei

Huang

2013

MATEC Web of Conferences

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“…This work being part of continuing effort at FireSERT [3,4,8,9] to measure and model fires in enclosures yields the following conclusions:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…15 depicts an estimate of the variation of the convective heat transfer coefficient with time derived from this heat flux by dividing it with the difference between the gas and initial temperature. The magnitude of the coefficient calculated this way remains constant for the burning duration of the experiment with values about 15 W/m 2 K for all fires apart from the most under-ventilated case where the value is about 12 W/m 2 K. Comparison with ISO room scale experiments [8,9] show that the heat transfer coefficient does not depend on scale. …”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

Effect Of Fuel Sootiness On The Heat Fluxes To The Walls In Enclosure Fires

Tofiło¹,

Delichatsios²,

Silcock³

2005

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Eigth International Sy

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Even though considerable work has been performed regarding gas temperatures and burning rates in enclosures, scant information is available for the heat fluxes and their distributions on the walls of an enclosure. These heat fluxes are necessary input for determining the thermal response and performance of the wall materials and especially glazing. The heat fluxes on the wall of an experimental enclosure were deduced from the temperatures in several thermally thin small steel plates (25.4 mm x 25.4 mm x 3 mm thick) and in the insulation surrounding the steel plates. In addition, the mass loss rate and gas temperatures near these heat flux gauges were measured. The experimental enclosure was the 1/3 linear scale of the ISO room corner test having six openings and three square-pans of variable size burning Methanol, IMS (Industrial Methylated Spirits) and Toluene at the corner and in the center of the enclosure. By choosing fuels with an increased degree of sootiness it was found that the heat fluxes do not depend only on the gas temperature, as claimed before for heat fluxes on the floor, but also on the magnitude of the heat release rate and the fuel sootiness. Moreover, comparison of the heat fluxes for methanol, IMS and toluene allow the separation of convective from radiative heat fluxes owing to hot gases (and the enclosure walls) and from the radiative heat fluxes from the fire plume.

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“…This scenario was studied previously by Pagni [1]. Research by Shields [2] also predicted that an island must be created in the glazing panel prior to the vent scenario. A large amount of experimental and numerical research has been conducted in relation to temperature and stress distribution in glass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Experimental investigation of flame impingement on vertical and inclined glazing facades

Quinn

Nadjai

Ali

et al. 2013

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Breakage and fallout of glazing systems create openings in an enclosure that affect the fire growth and the development of post flashover flames emerging outside of the openings. The behaviour of glazing is the result of its thermally induced stress response to the heat fluxes from the fire in an enclosure. In recent times building façade designs have evolved and now incorporate many different shapes, orientations and materials. The conventional single and double glazing panels have been surpassed by composite type glazing systems which include glazing and transparent resins. This paper presents experimental testing of these composite glazing panels subjected to localized fires, which have the same fire load. The effect of localized fire on the materials tested as seen in the final char patterns on both glazing systems is noteworthy. The paper also includes details of comparative calculations with EN 1991-1-2. Furthermore, results of detailed material analysis testing of the intermediate transparent resin within the glazing sandwich panels are included.

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Performance of a single glazing assembly exposed to a fire in the centre of an enclosure

Cited by 90 publications

References 9 publications

Experimental and numerical study of fire spread upon double-skin glass facades

Experimental and numerical study of fire spread upon double-skin glass facades

Effect Of Fuel Sootiness On The Heat Fluxes To The Walls In Enclosure Fires

Experimental investigation of flame impingement on vertical and inclined glazing facades

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