Abstract:This study investigated the performance of sludge drying reed beds (SDRB) at full- and pilot-scale treating sludge from septic tanks in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The treatment units, planted with Cynodon spp., were based on an adaptation of the first-stage of the French vertical-flow constructed wetland, originally developed for treating sewage. Two different operational phases were investigated; in the first one, the full-scale unit was used together with six pilot-scale columns in order to test dif… Show more
“…This might be a positive indicator of the effect of BCH for solid content removal in VFCW resulting from potential attraction between the solid particles and biochar. The average TVS and TSS contents of the effluent were within the range of 187–591 mg/l and 12–401 mg/l respectively from the results of previous studies while TS was relatively higher than 817.15–1,014 mg/l ( Tan et al., 2020 ; Kim et al., 2018 ; Andrade et al., 2017 ; Karolinczak and Dabrowski, 2017 ; Magri et al., 2016 ; Afifi et al., 2015 ; Calder’on-Vallejo et al., 2015 ). Figure 13 Average levels of solid content: (a) TSS, (b) TDS, (c) TS and (d) TVS.…”
“…This might be a positive indicator of the effect of BCH for solid content removal in VFCW resulting from potential attraction between the solid particles and biochar. The average TVS and TSS contents of the effluent were within the range of 187–591 mg/l and 12–401 mg/l respectively from the results of previous studies while TS was relatively higher than 817.15–1,014 mg/l ( Tan et al., 2020 ; Kim et al., 2018 ; Andrade et al., 2017 ; Karolinczak and Dabrowski, 2017 ; Magri et al., 2016 ; Afifi et al., 2015 ; Calder’on-Vallejo et al., 2015 ). Figure 13 Average levels of solid content: (a) TSS, (b) TDS, (c) TS and (d) TVS.…”
“…In their study, the CW systems were subjected to TS loading ranging from 219 to 1370 g m −2 day −1 , and they observed removal rates of 80% for TS and 90% for COD. Our findings outperform the another study conducted by Calderón-Vallejo et al 23 , which employed a similar design for septage treatment and achieved a 71% COD removal rate.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 59%
“…The SDB exhibited an average BOD 5 removal efficiency of 61.1 ± 13.5% with an average effluent load of 54.1 ± 13.96 g m −2 day −1 , while the VSSF bed demonstrated a higher average BOD 5 removal efficiency of 88.1 ± 4.9% with an average effluent load of 6.1 ± 2.72 g m −2 day −1 (Fig. 3 a).This signifies a noteworthy reduction in comparison to earlier studies, ranging from 67.0% achieved by Calderón-Vallejo et al 23 in 2015 to 88.0% reported by Gholipour and Stefanakis 24 , demonstrating a substantial improvement in the outcomes. Figure 2 Dynamics of ( a ) BOD, ( b ) COD, ( c ) TSS, ( d ) TS, ( e ) total coliforms, and ( f ) total helmminthes in influent, and effluents of SDB, and VSSF, with respect to HRT (days).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 57%
“…3 c,d, respectively. Our system demonstrated a significantly higher efficiency in removing total solids (TS) compared to the study by Calderón-Vallejo et al 23 , who investigated the performance of sludge drying reed beds (SDB) at both full- and pilot-scale for treating septic tank sludge in Brazil. In their study, the treatment units consisted of a sludge drying bed followed by a French vertical-flow constructed wetland.…”
Septage refers to the semi-liquid waste material that accumulates in septic tanks and other onsite sanitation systems. It is composed of a complex mixture of human excreta, wastewater, and various solid particles. Septage is a potential source of water pollution owing to presence of high organic content, significant pathogen concentrations, and a range of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. The harmful impacts of septage pollution poses significant risks to public health through the contamination of drinking water sources, eutrophication of water bodies and spread of water borne diseases. Conventional septage treatment technologies often face limitations such as high operational costs, energy requirements, and the need for extensive infrastructure. Therefore, with an aim to treat septage through an alternative cost effective and energy-efficient technology, a laboratory-scale constructed wetland (CW) system (0.99 m2) consisting of a sludge drying bed and a vertical flow wetland bed was utilized for the treatment of septage. The sludge drying bed and vertical flow beds were connected in series and filled with a combination of gravel with varying sizes (ranging from 5 to 40 mm) and washed sand. Canna indica plants were cultivated on both beds to facilitate phytoremediation process. The system was operated with intermittent dosing of 30 Ltrs of septage every day for 2 months. The HRT of the system was fixed at 48 h. The average inlet loads of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were measured as 150 ± 65.7 g m−2 day−1, 713 ± 443.9 g m−2 day−1, and 309 ± 66.3 g m−2 day−1, respectively. After treatment, the final effluent had an average load of 6 g m−2 day−1 for BOD5, 15 g m−2 day−1 for COD, and 51 g m−2 day−1 for TSS, indicating that the CW system achieved an average removal efficiency of 88% for BOD, 87% for COD, and 65% for TSS. The average load of total coliforms and helminthes eggs in the influent was recorded as 4 × 108 Colony-Forming Units (CFU) m−2 day−1 and 3 × 107 eggs m−2 day−1, respectively. However, the CW system demonstrated significant effectiveness in reducing microbial contamination, with an average removal efficiency of 99% for both total coliforms and helminthes eggs. The vertical flow constructed wetland system, equipped with pretreatment by sludge drying bed, has proven to be efficient in treatment of septage.
“…Santos, Augusto, and Camargo (2015), used artificial wetlands system to treat sewages of aquaculture, Xian, Hu, and Chen (2010) used floating beds system of aquatic plants to dispose sewages from pig breeding system, Ramos, Borges, Gonçalves, and Matos (2017) treat sewages of pig with emergent aquatic macrophytes, in treatment of septic tank sludge. Some studies testing the flow as Jong and Tang (2014), vertical flow Calderón-Vallejo, Andrade, Manjate, Madera-Parra, and Von Sperling (2015), Andrade, Sperling, and Manjate (2017) or influence of recirculation Lavrora andKoumanova (2010), Foladori, Ruaben, andOrtigara (2013).…”
The study evaluated the performance of the species Typha domingensis Pers and Pontederia parviflora Alexander in wastewater treatment at the pilot scale. Six units of each species were built. Analyses were performed in March, June, July and November in batch system with sampling every 12 hours and a hydraulic retention time of 48 hours. Tests for performance between species and for influence of temperature were performed by analysis of variance, factorial ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA). The evaluation of treatment performance was from physical and chemical parameters (temperature, potential of hydrogen, alkalinity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand) in the influent and effluent systems. The results indicated no significant difference in the performance of the species but emphasized the interference of temperature on nutrient removal capacity of both systems. The best removal efficiencies were found for volatile suspended solids (83-94 and 80-97%) and COD (38-70 and 39-74%) for T. domingensis and P. parviflora respectively, in periods of low and high temperatures.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
