Performance of aerogel as Cherenkov radiator

Bellunato, T.; Calvi, M.; Matteuzzi, C.; Musy, M.; Negri, P.; Braem, A.; Chesi, E.; Hansen, C. J.; Liko, D.; Joram, C.; Neufeld, N.; Séguinot, J.; Weilhammer, P.; Buzykaev, A. R.; Кравченко, Е. А.; Onuchin, A. P.; Danilyuk, A.F.; Easo, S.; Wotton, S. A.; Jolly, S.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2003.09.062

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The Cherenkov photons were detected by means of four large HPD tubes designed and constructed at CERN. A detailed description of this setup and the full set of results can be found in [9]. In two of the run configurations, data were taken with aerogel tiles of thickness 4cm and 8 cm.…”

Section: Validation Of Rich Simulation Using Testbeammentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of LHCb RICH detectors using GEANT4

Easo

Belyaev

Corti

et al. 2005

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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LHCb is one of the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. It aims to make precision measurements of CP violation in the B-meson decays. The Detector simulation of LHCb was developed using the GEANT4 software toolkit interfaced to the LHCb software framework named GAUDI. This is now being used for a large production run of 210 million events. An important feature of the LHCb experiment is the use of Ring Imaging Cherenkov Counters (RICH) for particle identification. The Cherenkov photons created in this detector are focused onto an array of photodetectors made of Hybrid Photodiodes. An brief overview of the GEANT4 based LHCb simulation program named GAUSS will be given with the main emphasis on RICH simulation and its verification. 1 LHCb and its RICH detectorsThe main goals of the LHCb experiment are to make precision measurements of the CP violation in B-Meson decays and to look for signs of the physics beyond the 'Standard Model' in particle physics. The detector is configured as a single forward arm spectrometer with open geometry, optimized for detecting B-hadrons produced in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It is expected to collect about 2 × 10 9 bb events per year, from the startup of LHC. LHCb consists of a silicon strip detector near the interaction region, a dipole magnet, a set decay mode. In this case, the background is 10 times more than the signal and the RICH reduces the background contamination to a 10% level. The RICH detector will also be used to tag the flavour of the B-hadrons by identifying the kaons in the events where the b-quark decays into an s-quark through the cascade decay ( b → c → s). The RICH system in LHCb has two detectors. The first detector(RICH1) has aerogel and C 4 F 10 as radiators, covering the full LHCb acceptance of 300 mrad and is placed upstream of the LHCb dipole magnet in order to identify the particles with momenta between 2 and 70 GeV/c. The second detector(RICH2) has CF 4 as radiator and is situated downstream of the magnet. It covers an acceptance of 120 mrad (horizontal) × 100 mrad(vertical) and is for identifying particles with momenta up to 100 GeV/c. Hybrid Photo Diodes(HPD) with 80 mm photocathode diameter will be used to detect the Cherenkov photons in the wavelength range 200-600 nm. The HPDs encapsulate silicon pixel anodes bump bonded to readout chips. 2 Detector Simulation of LHCbDetector simulation is needed for preparing the analysis of the data to be collected and is an important part of developing the detectors in LHCb. Earlier versions of simulation written in FORTRAN using the GEANT3 package have been replaced with a more detailed simulation program using the GEANT4 [3] package. This new program named GAUSS has recently been used in a production run of 210 million events. The main features of GAUSS and the initial set of results from simulating the RICH detectors are the subjects of this paper.

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Section: Validation Of Rich Simulation Using Testbeammentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of LHCb RICH detectors using GEANT4

Easo

Belyaev

Corti

et al. 2005

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…The MonteCarlo was found to describe reasonably well the number of photoelectrons measured in a test beam [100]. Tests have shown [101] that the optical properties will not degrade significantly over the timescale of the LHCb experiment.…”

Section: Radiatorsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The dominant cause of photon loss within aerogel is Rayleigh scattering; this leads to the transmission of light with wavelength λ through a block of thickness L being proportional to e −CL/λ 4 , where the clarity coefficient, C, characterizes the transparency of the sample. Large hygroscopic silica aerogel [99] tiles of dimension 20.0 × 20.0 × 5.1 cm 3 have been produced and tested for the LHCb experiment [100]. The refractive index is 1.030 at λ =400 nm and the clarity is below C = 0.0054 µm 4 /cm.…”

Section: Radiatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The LHCb Detector at the LHC

Alves¹,

Filho

Barbosa³

et al. 2008

J. Inst.

Self Cite

1,224

680

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“…Aerogel has been studied as Cherenkov radiator in several beam tests at CERN PS, using Hybrid PhotoDiodes (HPD) as photodetectors [6], [7]. In all these tests, the particle identification potential of an aerogel based RICH detector has been demonstrated using both pure π − and mixed π + /p beams from the PS accelerator test beam line at CERN.…”

Section: Performance Of Aerogel As Cherenkov Radiatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beam test data indicate a resolution, per detected photoelectron, of σ(θ C ) = (4.8 ± 0.3) mrad. Contributions to the resolution come from chromaticity, spherical aberrations, photodetector resolution, emission point spread and pixel dimensions [7].…”

Section: Performance Of Aerogel As Cherenkov Radiatormentioning

confidence: 99%

A RICH with aerogel: a study of refractive index uniformity

Alemi

Bellunato

Calvi

et al.

IEEE Symposium Conference Record Nuclear Science 2004.

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Abstract-The use of aerogel as a radiator in the RICH detectors of LHCb is a challenge due to the hot environment of the hadron collider LHC. Large size tiles of silica aerogel were recently produced with unprecedented optical quality for such dimensions. Results of laboratory measurements and beam tests are briefly reported. A description of a method to measure the uniformity of the index of refraction within the tile is given.

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Performance of aerogel as Cherenkov radiator

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Simulation of LHCb RICH detectors using GEANT4

Simulation of LHCb RICH detectors using GEANT4

The LHCb Detector at the LHC

A RICH with aerogel: a study of refractive index uniformity

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