Performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor and hybrid constructed wetland treating high-strength wastewater in Nepal—A model for DEWATS

Singh, Shikha; Haberl, Raimund; Moog, Otto; Shrestha, Roshan Raj; Shrestha, Prajwal; Shrestha, Rabin

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.10.019

Cited by 103 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Masi and Martinuzzi [29] found efficiencies up to 99.97% with a hybrid (VF + HF) CW treating wastewater from a hotel in Italy. However, Singh et al [30] found 97.5% removal for a hybrid (HF + VF) CW in Nepal including an anaerobic reactor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Contaminants (Physical, Chemical, and Microbial) in Domestic Wastewater through Hybrid Constructed Wetland

et al. 2013

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The current research was focused mainly on the designing and construction of efficient laboratory scale hybrid constructed wetland (HCW) for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Parameters like COD, BOD5, PO4, SO4, NO3, NO2, and pathogenic indicator microbes were monitored after hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days. Treatment efficiency of HCW kept on increasing with the increase in hydraulic retention time. Maximum efficiency of HCW was observed with a 20-day HRT, that is, 97.55, 97.5, 89.35, 80.75, 96.04, 91.52, and 98.6% reduction from the zero time value for COD, BOD5, PO4, SO4, NO3, NO2, and fecal coliforms, respectively. After 20 days' time, the treated water was free of almost all nutrients and microbial pollutants. Hence, increasing hydraulic retention time was found to ameliorate the operational competence of HCW. Thus HCW can serve as a promising technology for wastewater treatment and can be scaled up for small communities in the developing countries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Contaminants (Physical, Chemical, and Microbial) in Domestic Wastewater through Hybrid Constructed Wetland

et al. 2013

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“…Phragmites karka is used in HF CWs in India and Nepal (e.g. Billore et al, 2001Billore et al, , 2008Bista et al, 2004;Bista & Khatiwada, 2008;Singh et al, 2009) and Phragmites mauritianus Kunth is used in central Africa (e.g. Byekwaso et al, 2002).…”

Section: Plants Used For Hf Cwsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow: a review

2011

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The presence of macrophytes is one of the most conspicuous features of wetlands and their presence distinguishes constructed wetlands from unplanted soil filters or lagoons. The macrophytes growing in constructed wetlands have several properties in relation to the treatment process that make them an essential component of the design. However, only several roles of macrophytes apply to constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow (HF CWs). The plants used in HF CWs designed for wastewater treatment should therefore: (1) be tolerant of high organic and nutrient loadings, (2) have rich belowground organs (i.e. roots and rhizomes) in order to provide substrate for attached bacteria and oxygenation (even very limited) of areas adjacent to roots and rhizomes and (3) have high aboveground biomass for winter insulation in cold and temperate regions and for nutrient removal via harvesting. The comparison of treatment efficiency of vegetated HF CWs and unplanted filters is not unanimous but most studies have shown that systems with plants achieve higher treatment efficiency. The vegetation has mostly a positive effect, i.e. supports higher treatment efficiency, for organics and nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. By far the most frequently used plant around the globe is Phragmites australis (Common reed). Species of the genera Typha (latifolia, angustifolia, domingensis, orientalis and glauca) and Scirpus (e.g. lacustris, validus, californicus and acutus) spp. are other commonly used species. In many countries, and especially in the tropics and subtropics, local plants including ornamental species are used for HF CWs.

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“…Hybrid CWs has gained popularity all over the world and been operated for the treatment of various kinds of waste waters. (Burka and Lawrence, 1990;Kantawanichkul and Neamkam, 2003;Brix et al, 2003;Bulc, 2006;Öövel, 2007;Tuszyñska, 2008;Justin, 2009;Singh et al, 2009;Vymazal, 2011;Serrano et al, 2011), however limited studies are available reflecting the treatment potential of hybrid CWs for high strength dairy/milking parlor wastewater under extremely cold climates (Reeb and Werckmann, 2005;Abe et al, 2010, Sharma et al, 2011.…”

Section: Ssf Cws Can Be Differentiated As Horizontal Sub-surface Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal efficiency of a hybrid sub-surface flow constructed wetland system in treating milking parlor wastewater at northern Hokkaido

Sharma

Inoue

Kato

et al. 2013

Ecological Engineering

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Performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor and hybrid constructed wetland treating high-strength wastewater in Nepal—A model for DEWATS

Cited by 103 publications

References 15 publications

Reduction of Contaminants (Physical, Chemical, and Microbial) in Domestic Wastewater through Hybrid Constructed Wetland

Reduction of Contaminants (Physical, Chemical, and Microbial) in Domestic Wastewater through Hybrid Constructed Wetland

Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow: a review

Seasonal efficiency of a hybrid sub-surface flow constructed wetland system in treating milking parlor wastewater at northern Hokkaido

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