Performance of an antigen assay for diagnosing acute hepatitis E virus genotype 3 infection

Trémeaux, Pauline; Lhomme, Sébastien; Chapuy‐Regaud, Sabine; Péron, Jean‐Marie; Alric, Laurent; Kamar, Nassim; Izopet, Jacques; Abravanel, Florence

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2016.03.019

Cited by 47 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the present study, four individuals were characterized by the presence of HEV Ag, with corresponding HEV RNA levels ranging from 10 2 to 10 3 copies/mL in genotype 4 infection, which was similar to previous reports of genotype 3 infection . These findings contradict another previous study that showed with an HEV Ag detection limit of 54.6 IU/mL, corresponding to HEV RNA level of 24 IU/mL .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…We observed a good sensitivity of 90.5% for the HEV Ag assay in the serum samples, higher than some previous reports 38,40 and similar to another report of genotype 3 infection. 43 The PPV of the Ag test was also higher than that of other commercial anti-HEV IgM tests, revealing the accuracy of the test in determining true viremia. HEV Ag demonstrated good specificity levels and PPV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Evaluation of an antigen assay for diagnosing acute and chronic hepatitis E genotype 4 infection

Zhang

Rao

Wang

et al. 2018

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of an antigen assay for diagnosing acute and chronic hepatitis E genotype 4 infection

Zhang

Rao

Wang

et al. 2018

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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“…However, the current PCR and serological (IgG, IgM, Ag) diagnostic tests commonly used by public health laboratories (PHE, ) may not optimally detect rat HEV, even if a person was infected. The Wantaï HEV detection ELISA assay, which is commonly used in the UK for diagnosing HEV G3 infections, was designed to detect antibody responses to Orhtohepevirus A (Genotype 1–4) (Trémeaux et al, ). A review of uncharacterized viral hepatitis cases using tests capable of detecting rat HEV may be warranted to determine the true prevalence of this virus in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First detection of Hepatitis E virus (Orthohepevirus C) in wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Great Britain

Murphy

Williams

Jennings

et al. 2019

Zoonoses and Public Health

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In the United Kingdom, there has been an increase in the number of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in people annually since 2010. Most of these are thought to be indigenously acquired Orthohepevirus A genotype 3 (HEV G3), which has been linked to pork production and consumption. However, the dominant subgroup circulating in British pigs differs from that which is found in people; therefore, an alternative, potentially zoonotic, source is suspected as a possible cause of these infections. Rodents, brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in particular, have been shown to carry HEV, both the swine HEV G3 genotype and Orthohepevirus C, genotype C1 (rat HEV). To investigate the prevalence of HEV in British rodents, liver tissue was taken from 307 rodents collected from pig farms (n = 12) and other locations (n = 10). The RNA from these samples was extracted and tested using a pan‐HEV nested RT‐PCR. Limited histopathology was also performed. In this study, 8/61 (13%, 95% CI, 5–21) of brown rat livers were positive for HEV RNA. Sequencing of amplicons demonstrated all infections to be rat HEV with 87%–92% nucleotide identity to other rat HEV sequences circulating within Europe and China (224 nt ORF‐1). Lesions and necrosis were observed histologically in 2/3 samples examined. No rat HEV RNA was detected in any other species, and no HEV G3 RNA was detected in any rodent in this study. This is the first reported detection of rat HEV in Great Britain. A human case of rat HEV infection has recently been reported in Asia, suggesting that rat HEV could pose a risk to public health.

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“…Recently, a novel diagnostic assay became commercially available (Bejing Wantai Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Bejing, China), which is based on the detection of HEV ORF2 antigen (Ag). Previous studies showed that this HEV Ag ELISA could be used as a diagnostic tool in clinical laboratories where molecular assays are lacking [13][14][15][16]. Behrendt et al showed that the sensitivity of the HEV Ag ELISA assay is less than RT-qPCR, especially during acute HEV infection, and that higher HEV Ag levels were detected in chronically infected patients compared to acute ones [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Open Reading Frame 2 Antigen Kinetics in Human-Liver Chimeric Mice and Its Impact on HEV Diagnosis

Sayed

Verhoye

Montpellier

et al. 2019

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background Hepatitis E virus infection (HEV) is an emerging problem in developed countries. Diagnosis of HEV infection is based on the detection of HEV-specific antibodies, viral RNA, and/or antigen (Ag). Humanized mice were previously reported as a model for the study of HEV infection, but published data were focused on the quantification of viral RNA. However, the kinetics of HEV Ag expression during infection remains poorly understood. Methods Plasma specimens and suspensions of fecal specimens from HEV-infected and ribavirin-treated humanized mice were analyzed using HEV antigen–specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, density gradient analysis, and Western blotting. Result Open reading frame 2 (ORF2) Ag was detected in both plasma and stool from HEV-infected mice, and levels increased over time. Contrary to HEV RNA, ORF2 Ag levels were higher in mouse plasma than in stool. Interestingly, ORF2 was detected in plasma from mice that tested negative for HEV RNA in plasma but positive for HEV RNA in stool and was detected after viral clearance in mice that were treated with ribavirin. Plasma density gradient analysis revealed the presence of the noninfectious glycosylated form of ORF2. Conclusion ORF2 Ag can be used as a marker of active HEV infection and for assessment of the effect of antiviral therapy, especially when fecal samples are not available or molecular diagnostic tests are not accessible.

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Performance of an antigen assay for diagnosing acute hepatitis E virus genotype 3 infection

Cited by 47 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluation of an antigen assay for diagnosing acute and chronic hepatitis E genotype 4 infection

Evaluation of an antigen assay for diagnosing acute and chronic hepatitis E genotype 4 infection

First detection of Hepatitis E virus (Orthohepevirus C) in wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Great Britain

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Open Reading Frame 2 Antigen Kinetics in Human-Liver Chimeric Mice and Its Impact on HEV Diagnosis

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