Performance of an X-ray single pixel TES microcalorimeter under DC and AC biasing

Gottardi, L.; Kuur, J. van der; Korte, P. A. J. de; Hartog, R. den; Dirks, B.; Popescu, M.; Hoevers, H.; Bruijn, M. P.; Borderías, María Parra; Takei, Yoh

doi:10.1063/1.3292399

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The energy resolution of 3.6 eV was obtained from a TES under ∼400 kHz ac bias at SRON [15]. The energy resolution is similar to that under dc bias, and this was the first demonstration of >5 eV energy resolution.…”

Section: Frequency Division Multiplexingmentioning

confidence: 68%

SQUID multiplexing using baseband feedback for space application of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

Takei

Yamasaki

Hirakoso

et al. 2009

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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A microcalorimeter array based on a transition-edge sensor (TES) thermometer is a promising imaging spectrometer for use in future x-ray astronomy missions. A TES microcalorimeter achieves 5 eV energy resolution and an array of >100 pixels also provides a moderate imaging capability. For a large format array, signal multiplexing at the low temperature stage is mandatory in order to reduce heat loads from cold stage preamplifiers and through wirings. We are developing frequency division multiplexing (FDM). In FDM, each TES is ac-biased with a different carrier frequency. Signals from several pixels are summed and then read out by one dc SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device). The maximum number of multiplexed pixels is limited by the bandwidth of a SQUID in a flux-locked loop. Assuming 1 m cable length between the room temperature and the cold stage, the bandwidth is only <1 MHz with a standard flux-locked loop, due to the delay and phase shift of wirings. We report our development of baseband feedback, a new feedback scheme that overcomes the bandwidth limitation. In baseband feedback, the signal ( 10 kHz) from the TES is sent back to the SQUID after the phase of carrier frequency (∼1 MHz) has been adjusted. We demonstrated open-loop gain of 8 for 10 kHz signal at 5 MHz carrier frequency, which indicates the possibility of ∼40-pixel multiplexing of the TES signal.

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Section: Frequency Division Multiplexingmentioning

confidence: 68%

SQUID multiplexing using baseband feedback for space application of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

Takei

Yamasaki

Hirakoso

et al. 2009

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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“…couples TES current signal to the SQUID readout system. TES requires an external bias current 𝐼 bias to operate [1][2][3][4][5]. The TES array developed to be used with this bias and readout system is for high-energy resolution hard X-ray spectroscopy.…”

Section: Jinst 19 P05038mentioning

confidence: 99%

A configurable ultra-low noise current source for transition-edge sensor characterization

Li,

Liao,

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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Transition-edge sensors (TESs) are sensitive devices for detecting photons from millimeter radiation to γ rays. Their photon counting efficiency and collecting area benefit from large-array multiplexing scheme, and therefore the development of multiplexing readout system has been an important topic in this field. Among the many multiplex techniques, time-division multiplexing (TDM) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) has been used most widely for TES readout. In this work, we design a Configurable Ultra-Low Noise Current Source (CLCS) for TES characterization and as a part of a whole TDM-TES bias control system. The CLCS is based on the feedback structure of ultra-low noise instrumentation amplifiers and low-noise, high-resolution (20 bits) digital-to-analog converter (DAC). CLCS has an ultra-high resolution of 10 nA in the 0 to 5 mA current output range, and can perform current-voltage (IV) sweep and bias-step tests to measure key TES parameters on board. The feedback structure of the CLCS also avoids the issue of impedance mismatch.

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“…In order to fully understand the main differences between these two readout schemes and hence the behaviour of the devices involved in large arrays, it is worth to probe and compare their functionality and their properties under both DC and AC bias. It is essential to demonstrate that the observed good performance of a single pixel under constant voltage bias are maintained even when the TES works as a modulator [4]. In this paper we present a preliminary comparison by means of IV curves, complex impedance measurements and noise spectra of an X-ray TiAu TES microcalorimeter under DC bias performed at the Institute of Material Science of Aragon (ICMA) and under AC bias at a frequency of 3.5 MHz performed in SRON.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AC/DC Characterization of a Ti/Au TES with Au/Bi Absorber for X-ray Detection

et al. 2020

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Transition-edge sensors (TESs) are used as very sensitive thermometers in microcalorimeters aimed at detection of different wavelengths. In particular, for soft X-ray astrophysics, science goals require very high resolution microcalorimeters which can be achieved with TESs coupled to suitable absorbers. For many applications there is also need for a high number of pixels which typically requires multiplexing in the readout stage. Frequency Domain Multiplexing (FDM) is a common scheme and is the baseline proposed for the ATHENA mission. FDM requires biasing the TES in AC at MHz frequencies. Recently there has been reported degradation in performances under AC with respect to DC bias. In order to assess the performances of TESs to be used with FDM, it is thus of great interest to compare the performances of the same device both under AC and DC bias. This requires two different measurement setups with different processes for making the characterization. We report in this work the preliminary results of a single pixel characterization performed on a TiAu TES under AC and afterwards under DC bias in different facilities. Extraction of dynamical parameters and noise performances are compared in both cases as a first stage for further AC/DC comparison of these devices.

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Performance of an X-ray single pixel TES microcalorimeter under DC and AC biasing

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

SQUID multiplexing using baseband feedback for space application of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

SQUID multiplexing using baseband feedback for space application of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

A configurable ultra-low noise current source for transition-edge sensor characterization

AC/DC Characterization of a Ti/Au TES with Au/Bi Absorber for X-ray Detection

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