Performance of anaerobic treatment of blackwater collected from different toilet flushing systems: Can we achieve both energy recovery and water conservation?

Gao, Mengjiao; Zhang, Lei; Florentino, Anna Patrícya; Liu, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.055

Cited by 114 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The authors investigated the relatively low BMP in such condition and reported free ammonia to be the main cause of inhibition in the process. The addition of activated carbon in this study increased the methanogenic efficiency of the cultures by approximately 18.6%, resulting in BMP values similar to those obtained by Gao et al (2018) 10 for degradation of blackwater in 9 L-dilution condition, when ammonia inhibition did not play a significant role.…”

Section: Effect Of Gac On Blackwater Anaerobic Digestionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…7 gives an overview of the microbial community structure of each condition studied. As also shown by Gao et al (2018), 10 anaerobic degradation of blackwater did not enable the retention of microorganisms related to the Methanospirillum genus in the cultures. The drastic elimination of this hydrogen-utilizing methanogenic OTU might be explained by the general shifts in community structure that always occur in the direction of more robust microorganisms that are better at dealing with and adapting to harsh conditions.…”

Section: Microbial Community Profilesmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Blackwater (urine and feces) with no flush water was collected over a one week period from 10 individuals, as previously described by Gao et al (2018), 10 then mixed and stored anaerobically at 4°C. Vacuum collected blackwater used in this study was prepared by diluting collected blackwater using demineralized water to reach a 1 L water-flush configuration.…”

Section: Blackwater Preparation and Inoculum Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low dilution blackwater generated from low-flush or vacuum toilets has been shown to contain very high organic matter and nutrient loads, which can affect the speed of hydrolysis, accumulating suspended solids and decreasing methanogenic activity in the system. 4,5,10 Free NH 3 molecules and the ion NH 4 + are the two most significant methanogenesis inhibitors when present in high concentrations in anaerobic digestion processes. 11,12 Inhibition likely occurs due to a proton imbalance and/or potassium deficiency induced by diffusion of NH 3 into the cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Overcoming ammonia inhibition in anaerobic blackwater treatment with granular activated carbon: the role of electroactive microorganisms

Florentino

Sharaf

Zhang

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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Section: Effect Of Gac On Blackwater Anaerobic Digestionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Microbial Community Profilesmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Blackwater Preparation and Inoculum Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Overcoming ammonia inhibition in anaerobic blackwater treatment with granular activated carbon: the role of electroactive microorganisms

Florentino

Sharaf

Zhang

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…MBR technology is still facing many challenges concerning complex operational requirements and uncontrollability of marine environment. Many influencing factors, like temperature, HRT, pH, influent pollutants loading rate and C/N ratio, were considered to affect the removal efficiency of MBR [16,17]. In marine pollution aspect, constant pollutants shock and unstable C/N ratio are two significant characteristics of ship domestic sewage [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Volume Loading Rate and C/N on Ship Domestic Sewage Treatment by Two Membrane Bioreactors

Cai

Zaidi

Sun

et al. 2019

Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng.

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Design of ship sewage treatment systems that not only satisfy the use of small space on board but also meets International Maritime Organisation (IMO) latest emission standards is still a challenging problem for ship industry. This study provides a comparative disquisition between two different MBR reactors i.e, air-lift multilevel circulation membrane reactor (AMCMBR) and anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic membrane reactor (AOA-MBR) for domestic sewage treatment. The influence of pollutants volume loading rate (VLR) and C/N on effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and TN for marine domestic sewage was analyzed. The results revealed that AMCMBR showed better removal efficiencies for COD and TN than AOA-MBR. The volume of AMCMBR was only half of the AOA-MBR. In addition, high average value of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS)/mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) (i.e. 0.75) of AMCMBR indicated high biomass and good pollutants removal achieved by this reactor. An interesting phenomenon was found in the study regarding Urease activity for the two reactors. Urease activity for AMCMBR in different working conditions all exceeded AOA-MBR and there exist no clear difference of NR activities between AMCMBR and AOA-MBR except for low C/N ratio (i.e. 6 and 4). This phenomenon proved that AMCMBR has a greater performance for treating ship domestic wastewater.

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Comparison of environmental and health acceptability of squatting and sitting toilets: A review

Salehfar,

Torkalipour,

Karimi

et al. 2024

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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In general, two types of sitting and squatting toilets are used by people in the world, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages from an environmental and health point of view. So far, no study has been done to compare these two types of toilets, precisely. Therefore, the precise comparison of these two types of toilets based on a simple literature review was the main purpose of this study. For this purpose, the amount of water consumption, toilet paper consumption, related diseases, ease of cleaning, odor problem, and the flexibility to equip with treatment and reuse systems in both types of toilets was compared. Squatting toilets is a better option in terms of water consumption, toilet paper consumption, ease of cleaning, and diseases related to body posture. In the case of infectious diseases, the sitting toilet has better conditions and in terms of flexibility to install the treatment and reuse systems, the conditions of both were almost similar. The odor problem in the sitting toilet is less than the squatting toilet. Since the advantages and disadvantages of both types of toilets are also complementary, the best option is to install both toilets together.

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Performance of anaerobic treatment of blackwater collected from different toilet flushing systems: Can we achieve both energy recovery and water conservation?

Cited by 114 publications

References 32 publications

Overcoming ammonia inhibition in anaerobic blackwater treatment with granular activated carbon: the role of electroactive microorganisms

Overcoming ammonia inhibition in anaerobic blackwater treatment with granular activated carbon: the role of electroactive microorganisms

Effect of Volume Loading Rate and C/N on Ship Domestic Sewage Treatment by Two Membrane Bioreactors

Comparison of environmental and health acceptability of squatting and sitting toilets: A review

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