Performance of apple orchard systems in the Nordic climate

Rubauskis, E.; Bundzena, G.; Borisova, Indra

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2022.1346.46

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Meanwhile, planning the orchard, fruit-growers have to make decisions related to the production type and cultivarsoriented to dessert production and/or processing, consumption time of fruits, following decisions related to the tree size (height) that are influenced by rootstocks, soil properties. Subordinate to the tree size are planting distances between rows and trees (orchard density), the type of tree canopy (tree training system) [12]. All together it is an orchard system.…”

Section: Fig 3 4em Diagram Of Project (Autonomous Orchard For Yield M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital twin modelling for smart fruit-growing: eco-cyber-physical system 4+1 architecture

Kodors

Zarembo

Majore

et al. 2023

22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings

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The continuous evolution of technology and industrial revolutions provides new horizons for the application of smart solutions in every aspect of human lives. At the same time, it causes new social and engineering challenges, which require appropriate methodologies and solutions to overcome them. A smart orchard is an example of an eco-cyber-physical system. Modelling of an eco-cyber-physical system is more complex than simple software development because the complexity quickly grows together with the amount of interconnected components. The difficulties come together with various fruit tree species (in our case apples, pears, and cherries), related technologies and orchard systems. Such systems differ even in the frame of one species like apple trees (rootstocks effect on the tree size; planting density; tree canopy training systems, etc.) and some production risk-reducing technologies (rain and hail, against birds and insects protecting covering systems), as well as agricultural machinery movement in the site. An additional accelerator of complexity growth is the development of eco-cyber-physical and data-driven decision-making paradigms, which propose business-driven development considering ecological and technical aspects together within cyberspace. As a result, the product of synergy is a digital twin paradigm, which provides digital mirrors for artificial intelligence to monitor and manipulate the physical world considering environmental aspects. This article presents the digital twin “4 + 1” model of a smart orchard, which is described using modern visual notations like 4EM for project view, ARTSS for logical view, OPM for process view, IoT-adapted UML component diagram for physical view and spatial map for deployment view. The proposed methodology offers a roadmap for design and development of smart solutions in fruit-growing to predict the yield and potential of income generation in the early stages of the season.

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Section: Fig 3 4em Diagram Of Project (Autonomous Orchard For Yield M...mentioning

confidence: 99%