Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Low Protein, Limiting Amino Acid Supplemented Diets Formulated Either on Total or Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acid Basis

Abstract

The aim of present experiment was to investigate the effect of protein reduction in commercial broiler chicken rations with incorporation of de-oiled rice bran (DORB) and supplementation of limiting amino acids (valine, isoleucine, and/or tryptophan) with ration formulation either on total amino acid (TAA) or standardized ileal digestible amino acids (SIDAA). The experimental design consisted of T1, TAA control; T2 and T3, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by 3% and 6% DORB incorporation, respectively by replacing soybean meal with supplemental limiting amino acids to meet TAA requirement; T4, SIDAA control, T5 and T6, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by DORB incorporation (3% and 6%) with supplemental limiting amino acids on SIDAA basis. A total of 360 d-old fast growing broiler chicks (Vencobb-400) were divided into 36 homogenous groups of ten chicks each, and six dietary treatments described were allocated randomly with six replications. During 42 days trial, the feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by TAA factor compared to SIDAA factor and protein factor significantly (p<0.05) reduced the feed intake at 1.5% reduction compared to normal protein group. This was observed only during pre-starter phase but not thereafter. The cumulative body weight gain (BWG) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in TAA formulations with protein step-down of 1.5% (T3, 1,993 g) compared to control (T1, 2,067 g), while under SIDAA formulations, BWG was not affected with protein reduction of 1.5% (T6, 2,076 g) compared to T4 (2,129 g). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in both TAA and SIDAA formulations with 1.5% protein step-down (T3, 1.741; T6, 1.704) compared to respective controls (T1, 1.696; T4, 1.663). The SIDAA formulation revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher BWG (2,095 g) and better FCR (1.684) compared to TAA formulation (2,028 g; 1.721). Intake of crude protein and all limiting amino acids (SID basis) was higher in SIDAA group than TAA group with resultant higher nitrogen retention (4.438 vs 4.027 g/bird/d). The nitrogen excretion was minimized with 1.5% protein reduction (1.608 g/bird) compared to normal protein group (1.794 g/bird). The serum uric acid concentration was significantly reduced in T3 (9.45 mg/dL) as compared to T4 (10.75 mg/dL). All carcass parameters were significantly (p<0.05) higher in SIDAA formulation over TAA formulation and 1.5% protein reduction significantly reduced carcass, breast and thigh yields. In conclusion, the dietary protein can be reduced by 0.75% with TAA formulation and 1.5% with SIDAA formulation through DORB incorporation and supplementation of limiting amino acids and among formulations, SIDAA formulation was better than TAA formulation.

Does the Optimal Dietary Methionine to Cysteine Ratio in Diets for Growing Chickens Respond to High Inclusion Rates of Insect Meal from Hermetia illucens?

“…Dilger and Baker [ 16 ] came to the same conclusion and stated that the growth-depressive effect of Cys could be already alleviated by the supplementation of small amounts of Met. A negative effect of an AA imbalance on feed intake was also observed by Kumar et al [ 75 ]. Featherson and Rogler [ 18 ] suspected that an intestinal antagonism between Met and Cys causes the inferior growth at high Cys proportions.…”

Supplementation of a low-protein diet with tryptophan, threonine, and valine and its impact on growth performance, blood biochemical constituents, immune parameters, and carcass traits in broiler chickens

“…Considering the great interest in the use of low-CP diets in poultry nutrition, meeting the threonine, valine, and tryptophan requirements for optimal growth performance of broiler chickens is critical because these AA are considered essential AA in low-CP diets based on corn and soybean meal [ 3 , 5 , 10 , 14 , 23 ]. Waldroup et al .…”

“…[ 12 ]. The growth retardation caused by deficiency of either individual or a combination of limiting AA such as lysine, methionine, valine, threonine, isoleucine, and tryptophan was well recognized in previous studies [ 3 , 10 ].…”

“…The scenario becomes challenging when broiler chickens are fed low-protein diets supplemented with synthetic limiting AA. It is probable that the combination of these two strategies would result in better growth performance by providing a low-protein diet supplemented with commercially available synthetic limiting AA [ 5 , 10 ]. However, other studies have determined that this reduction can be disadvantageous, even with AA supplementation [ 11 - 13 ].…”

Haematology, Carcass and Fatty Acid Composition of Finishing Broilers Fed Enzyme Supplemented Expeller Copra Meal in Corn-Animal Protein Diets

“…Cherian (2011) fed fish and sunflower oils at 35 g/kg in corn-soybean diets to broiler breeders and found increased long chain omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids in the meat. Supplementation with enzymes (Raza et al, 2009;Anuradha & Roy, 2015), amino acids (Kumar et al, 2016) and probiotics (FAO, 2016) is reported to improve poultry utilisation of high fibre diets. Raza et al (2009) observed improved fibre digestibility in sunflower based diets supplemented with NIBGE enzyme.…”