Performance of CaO catalyst prepared from magnetic-derived CaCO3 for biodiesel production

Sronsri, Chuchai; Sittipol, Wanpasuk; U-yen, Kongpop

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121419

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It is well known that the products of the thermal decomposition of CaCO 3 are solid-state CaO and gas-state CO 2 . 3 The compositions of thermodecomposed CaO and CO 2 products of approximately 57.97 and 43.03 wt % were observed, respectively. 3 The result indicates clearly that the hypochlorite treatment in the process of the scallop shell preparation can remove the organic material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“… 3 The compositions of thermodecomposed CaO and CO 2 products of approximately 57.97 and 43.03 wt % were observed, respectively. 3 The result indicates clearly that the hypochlorite treatment in the process of the scallop shell preparation can remove the organic material. Consequently, eq 1 can be used to present the thermal decomposition of scallop-derived CaCO 3 powder.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It is well known that the products of the thermal decomposition of CaCO 3 are solid-state CaO and gas-state CO 2 . The compositions of thermodecomposed CaO and CO 2 products of approximately 57.97 and 43.03 wt % were observed, respectively .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In addition, the recycling of various biowastes is in line with many developing and developed countries to solve the environmental issues of the wastes, especially in Thailand where the bio-circular-green (BCG) economical model was established to change wastes to valuable products. 2 Transformation of biowaste materials into value-added products shows a significant regional impact through the reduction of biowaste and biowaste treatment processes 3 and can also add valuable revenue-generating streams through mass material production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economical and Environmentally Friendly Track of Biowaste Recycling of Scallop Shells to Calcium Lactate

et al. 2022

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The scallop shell waste ( Pectinidae , one of saltwater clams) was used as a raw material (precursor) to prepare calcium lactate (Ca(C 2 H 4 OHCOO) 2 ), and the physicochemical properties of scallop-derived calcium lactate were then investigated. The scallop waste was first ground to obtain calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) powder, and the calcium lactate compounds were successfully synthesized by the reactions between shell-derived CaCO 3 and lactic acid (C 2 H 4 OHCOOH). The short preparation time, high percentage yield, and low-cost production are the preferred manners, and, in this research, it was the reaction of 70 wt % lactic acid and scallop-derived CaCO 3 . The thermal decompositions of both CaCO 3 precursor and all prepared calcium lactates resulted in the formation of calcium oxide (CaO), which is widely used as a catalyst for biodiesel production. By comparing with the literature, the results obtained from the characterization instruments (infrared spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric analyzer, and scanning electron microscope) confirmed the formation and crystal structure of both CaCO 3 and its calcium lactate product. The morphologies of calcium lactate show different sizes depending on the acid concentration used in the reaction process. Consequently, this work reports an easy, uncomplicated, low-cost technique to change the cheap calcium compound product (scallop CaCO 3 ) derived from shellfish waste to the valuable compound (calcium lactate), which can be used in many industries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economical and Environmentally Friendly Track of Biowaste Recycling of Scallop Shells to Calcium Lactate

et al. 2022

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“…These bands are attributed to different C-O bonds and in some cases they are related to the presence of carbonate group [27]. However, CaCO 3 was not detected in XRD and Raman analysis, so it is due to CO 2 absorption [35,39]. A strong absorption at 3640 cm − 1 is because of O-H bond, which is related to the presence of water adsorbed that could lead to the formation of the Ca(OH) 2 in the samples [35,40].…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Reusable CaO/Fe3O4 Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

Alemán-Ramirez

Reyes-Vallejo

Okoye

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Predominantly CaO derived from eggshell was mixed with Fe3O4 by ball milling for 3 hours (h) followed by annealing at different temperatures (200-1000 oC) for 2 h to produce a magnetic catalyst. The catalyst was deployed to synthesis biodiesel via transesterification reaction. The catalysts characterization result from the X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis revealed that the increasing annealing temperature facilitated the oxidation of Fe3O4 to maghemite (Fe2O3) phase. Also, increasing temperature lead to a decrease in the catalyst surface area due to the increasing ridgity and loss of pores. Under optimal conditions of 65 oC, methanol/oil molar ratio of 12:1, 4 wt.% catalyst loading, 95.5% biodiesel yield can be achieved under 120 min reaction time. The catalyst could be reused for seven times with minimal loss in catalytic activity. The synthesized biodiesel satisfactorily complied with the international standards of ASTM-D-6751 and EN-14214.

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Crystal phase evolution of high temperature annealed Fe₃O₄‐CaO catalysts for biodiesel production

Alemán-Ramirez

Reyes-Vallejo

Okoye³

et al. 2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Biodiesel (BD) is an alternative transportation fuel that has been commercialized. Most CaObased heterogeneous catalysts that are applied for BD production become strongly deactivated after not more than five cycles of reuse. Predominantly CaO and Ca(OH) 2 active phases in eggshell were mixed with Fe 3 O 4 by ball milling for 3 h followed by annealing at different temperatures (200-1000 °C) for 2 h to produce a magnetic catalyst. The catalyst was deployed to synthesize BD using a transesterification reaction with methanol. The catalyst characterization results from X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis revealed the phase evolution of the catalysts with increasing annealing temperature, which facilitated the oxidation of the Fe 3 O 4 to the maghemite (Fe 2 O 3 ) phase. Increasing temperature led to a decrease in the catalyst surface area due to increased rigidity and loss of pores; however, the basicity increased due to the conversion of calcium carbonates mainly to CaO. Under optimal conditions of 65 °C, methanol/ oil molar ratio of 12:1, and 4 wt% catalyst loading, BD yield of 95.33% could be achieved under 120 min reaction time. The catalyst could be reused seven times with minimal loss in catalytic activity. The synthesized BD showed a calorific value of 39.99 MJkg -1 , a density of 0.9 gcm -3 , a viscosity of 4.92 mm 2 s -1 , which satisfactorily complied with the international standards of ASTM-D-6751 and EN-14214.

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Performance of CaO catalyst prepared from magnetic-derived CaCO3 for biodiesel production

Cited by 41 publications

References 44 publications

Economical and Environmentally Friendly Track of Biowaste Recycling of Scallop Shells to Calcium Lactate

Economical and Environmentally Friendly Track of Biowaste Recycling of Scallop Shells to Calcium Lactate

Development of a Reusable CaO/Fe3O4 Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

Crystal phase evolution of high temperature annealed Fe₃O₄‐CaO catalysts for biodiesel production

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Performance of CaO catalyst prepared from magnetic-derived CaCO3 for biodiesel production

Cited by 41 publications

References 44 publications

Economical and Environmentally Friendly Track of Biowaste Recycling of Scallop Shells to Calcium Lactate

Economical and Environmentally Friendly Track of Biowaste Recycling of Scallop Shells to Calcium Lactate

Development of a Reusable CaO/Fe3O4 Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

Crystal phase evolution of high temperature annealed Fe3O4‐CaO catalysts for biodiesel production

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Crystal phase evolution of high temperature annealed Fe₃O₄‐CaO catalysts for biodiesel production