Performance of Carbon Xerogels in the Production of Environmentally Friendly Urea Formaldehyde‐Bagasse Composites

Abstract

This work deals with evaluating the ability of new synthesized xerogel‐based activated carbons (XACs) to provide a low toxic urea‐formaldehyde adhesive system, as well as good quality bagasse‐composites. The xerogels were synthesized from resorcinol and different chain length aliphatic aldehydes. A preliminarily study was carried out to evaluate the adsorption capacity of formaldehyde by these investigated XACs. Differential scanning calorimetry, non‐isothermal thermogravimetric analysis, infra‐red spectra, gel time, and bond strength tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of XAC‐UF adhesive systems, in comparison with commercial UF. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength, thickness swelling, and free‐HCHO of board were also examined to evaluate the quality of final bagasse‐composites. The results show that, the investigated XACs had a positive effect on the adsorption of formaldehyde. The HCHO‐adsorption capacities of XACs ranged from 111 to 200 mg/g XAC. However, butyraldehyde‐based XAC had higher formaldehyde adsorption capacity. Moreover, XACs led to an increase in thermal stability of the UF adhesive system and improved properties of the resulted bagasse composite. Greater improvement was noticed by applying butyraldehyde‐based XAC‐UF adhesive system. Its MOR (26.6 MPa) and MOE (4082 MPa) that exceeded the ANSI standard requirements for wood particleboard of class H‐3; while, its IB value (0.44 MPa) exceeded the M‐2 grade. Applying the butyraldehyde‐based XAC adhesive system also led to reduction of the free‐HCHO of the produced bagasse composite by approximately 38%.

Liquid crystal behavior of cellulose nanoparticles‐ethyl cellulose composites: Preparation, characterization, and rheology

“…The sustainable and renewable carbon-rich feedstock, such as wood and nonwood materials, has been used for preparation variety of efficient, eco-friendly, and costeffective products, for example, hydrogels, functional paper sheets, agro-wood composites as well as nanocomposites (nano cellulose/grapheme), and carbon nanomaterials. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] Cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) is considered a good choice for incorporation with polymer due to its favored properties such as high degree of crystallinity, high rigidity, optical transparency, and its suspension can form chiral nematic LC phase (cholesteric). 46 This type of cellulose (CNPs) was produced from different lignocellulosic materials (natural wood or agro-fibers), for example, cotton linter, rice straw, sugar cane bagasse, corn stover, and other.…”

Role of pulping process as synergistic treatment on performance of agro-based activated carbons

“…The chemical constituents of the fibres (lignin, holocellulose, α-cellulose and hemicellulose) were estimated according to the standard methods reported in references [ 36 – 38 ]. Their silica contents (as ash) were estimated after full oxidation of the materials in a muffle furnace in air at 800°C for 45 min.…”

Synthesis and evaluating of carbon nanoallotrope‐biomacromolecule gel composites as drug delivery systems

“…Biopolymer-based macromolecules are regarded imperative, because it provided a wide applications, for example, medical applications (controlled release of drug and anticancer), 1,2 as well as ligands for chelating different types of metal ions to form metallopolymeric materials, [3][4][5] hydrogels for enhancing the water keeping of sandy soils, 6 Activated carbons for removing of pollutants from waste water, [7][8][9] carbon nano tubes 10,11 and functional wood 12,13 and paper products 14 with distinctive functionalities.…”