Performance of ceilings in the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake

Dhakal, Rajesh; MacRae, G.A.; Hogg, Keith

doi:10.5459/bnzsee.44.4.377-387

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Tall buildings due to the nature of the event suffered both structural and non-structural damage but in lowrise structures the damage was in most cases non-structural while the structure remained intact. Among these nonstructural elements, ceilings were conspicuous as the most severely damaged NSEs according to Dhakal et al [29]. Similar forms of damage in suspended ceilings were observed in this earthquake compared to 2010 Darfield earthquake.…”

Section: Seismic Performancesupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Based on NZS 1170.5:2004 [17], suspended ceilings are mainly designed for serviceability limit state (SLS) unless they are located in buildings of high post-disaster significance such as hospitals and police stations or in case they cover egress areas. However, the performance of suspended ceilings in recent seismic events has proven that damage to suspended ceilings can pose a life threat and cause considerable financial loss [3,29].…”

Section: Current Design/installation Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar forms of damage in suspended ceilings were observed in this earthquake compared to 2010 Darfield earthquake. A combination of smaller ceilings and lighter tiles was reported to result in lower demand on the grid members and connections, which led to safer ceilings [3,29]. In many damage cases observed, ceilings and services either lacked suitable seismic design, or were not correctly installed.…”

Section: Seismic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, most residential and commercial suspended ceilings in New Zealand are categorised under a serviceability limit state and are therefore designed for a low level of demand. However, the extensive damage suffered by suspended ceilings in recent New Zealand earthquakes [3,29] proves the need for reconsideration in the assignment of limit state and risk factor applied in the design of these non-structural elements.…”

Section: Fragility Curves For Ceiling Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic fragility of suspended ceiling systems used in NZ based on component tests

Dhakal

MacRae

Pourali

et al. 2016

BNZSEE

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Current standards and guidelines for the design and installation of perimeter-fixed suspended ceilings are briefly reviewed and a summary of common damage in recent earthquakes is provided. Component failure fragility curves have been derived following experiments on typical NZ suspended ceilings, considering loading in tension, compression and shear. A simple method to analyse perimeter-fixed ceilings using peak floor acceleration (PFA) is described, allowing for ceiling system fragility to be obtained from component fragilities. This is illustrated in an example of a 5 storey building. It was found that single rivet end-fixings and cross-tee connections were the most critical elements of the ceilings governing the system capacity. In the design examples it was shown that ceilings at different elevations of the structure showed different probabilities of failure and larger ceiling areas with heavier tiles were most susceptible to damage.

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Section: Seismic Performancesupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Current Design/installation Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seismic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fragility Curves For Ceiling Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic fragility of suspended ceiling systems used in NZ based on component tests

Dhakal

MacRae

Pourali

et al. 2016

BNZSEE

Self Cite

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“…On the perimetres, the ceiling is either fixed to the structure via rivets and clips or free to slide on perimetre angles. These ceilings are very common in commercial buildings and they suffered extensive damage during the 2010 -2011 Canterbury earthquakes [26][27][28]. Damage to the ceilings can be the result of components reaching their load carrying capacity.…”

Section: Section I: Suspended Ceilingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified seismic loss functions for suspended ceilings and drywall partitions

Dhakal

Pourali

Saha

2016

BNZSEE

Self Cite

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Post-disaster reconnaissance reports frequently list non-structural components (NSCs) as a major source of financial loss in earthquakes. Moreover, minimizing their damage is also of vital significance to the uninterrupted functionality of a building. For efficient decision making, it is important to be able to estimate the cost and downtime associated with the repair of the damage likely to be caused at different hazard levels used in seismic design. Generalized loss functions for two important NSCs commonly used in New Zealand, namely suspended ceilings and drywall partitions are developed in this study. The methodology to develop the loss functions, in the form of engineering demand parameter vs. expected loss due to the considered components, is based on the existing framework for the storey level loss estimation. Nevertheless, exhaustive construction/field data are employed to make these loss functions more generic. In order to estimate financial losses resulting from the failure of suspended ceilings, generalized ceiling fragility functions are developed and combined with the cost functions, which give the loss associated with typical ceilings at various peak acceleration demands. Similarly, probabilities of different damage states in drywall partitions are combined with their associated repair/replacement costs to find the cumulative distribution of the expected loss due to partitions at various drift levels, which is then normalized in terms of the total building cost. Efficiencies of the developed loss functions are investigated through detailed loss assessment of case study reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. It is observed that the difference between the expected losses for ceilings, predicted by the developed generic loss function, and the losses obtained from the detailed loss estimation method is within 5%. Similarly, the developed generic loss function for partitions is able to estimate the partition losses within 2% of that from the detailed loss assessment. The results confirm the accuracy of the proposed generic seismic loss functions.

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Investigating the vibration properties of integrated ceiling systems considering interactions with surrounding equipment

Kunitomo

Kurata

et al. 2020

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Studies on recent earthquakes highlighted that buildings with minimal structural damage still suffer from extensive damage and failure of nonstructural components. The dropping and damage of suspended ceiling systems, which typically consist of acceleration-sensitive nonstructural elements, resulted in lengthy functional disruptions and extended recovery time. This article experimentally and analytically examined the vibration properties of an integrated ceiling system considering the interactions with surrounding electrical equipment. The theoretical stiffness and corresponding frequency of electrical equipment were initially derived and then verified by subsequent vibration tests and numerical analyses. The seismic performance of the air conditioner (AC) was evaluated with different installment configurations based on design spectra and floor response spectra. Vibration tests of the suspended integrated ceiling system considering the interactions with surrounding equipment showed that the inclusion of peripheral constraints increased the first horizontal vibration frequency of the ceiling system by a factor of approximately 6. The natural frequencies of all components in the integrated ceiling system were almost identical, which was attributed to the coupled behavior between the ceiling panels and surrounding equipment, emphasizing the effect of interactions between adjacent components during dynamic analysis. Based on the above experimental investigation, an associated numerical model of the integrated ceiling system was created. Finally, corresponding parametric studies that included the interactions with surrounding equipment, reinforcing braces of ACs and strengthening members at the rise-up location between two elevations were performed. K E Y W O R D S integrated ceiling system, interaction, nonstructural components, vibration model, vibration test

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Performance of ceilings in the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake

Cited by 32 publications

References 2 publications

Seismic fragility of suspended ceiling systems used in NZ based on component tests

Seismic fragility of suspended ceiling systems used in NZ based on component tests

Simplified seismic loss functions for suspended ceilings and drywall partitions

Investigating the vibration properties of integrated ceiling systems considering interactions with surrounding equipment

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