Performance of developed natural vein graphite as the anode material of rechargeable lithium ion batteries

Hewathilake, H.P.T.S.; Karunarathne, Niroshan; Wijayasinghe, Athula; Balasooriya, N.W.B.; Arof, A.K.

doi:10.1007/s11581-016-1953-1

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The initial discharge capacity of 345 mA h g 1 with the coulombic efficiency of 94% was reported for mildly oxidized NPG with (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 (Amaraweera et al, 2018). NPG mild oxidized with HF showed an initial discharge capacity of 378 mA h g −1 with high columbic efficiency of over 99.9% (Hewathilake et al, 2017). This study resulted in the initial discharge capacityof 472 mAhg -1 coulombic efficiency of 73%.…”

Section: Electrochemical Performancementioning

confidence: 54%

“…Thermogravimetric analysis, studies of surface morphology by scanning electron micrographs and surface analysis by FT-IR measurements imply that the chemical oxidation with H 2 O 2 effectively modifies the graphite surface structure. The modification of graphite surface resulted by the eco-friendly approach in the present study is quite similar to the modification by highly toxic and hazardous strong chemical oxidants such as (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 , HNO 3 and HF (Balasooriya et al, 2006;Hewathilake et al, 2017;Amaraweera et al, 2018). Therefore, the electrochemical performance of purified NPG and chemically oxidized NPG with H 2 O 2 was studied.…”

Section: Electrochemical Performancementioning

confidence: 73%

“…This may be due to the weak oxidation ability of As shown in Fig. 2, the purely hexagonal structure of graphite samples could be maintained during the oxidation reaction with H 2 O 2 similar to other strong chemical oxidants such as (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 , HNO 3 and HF (Ein-Eli and Koch, 1997;Wu et al, 2002Xiaowei et al, 2004;Balasooriya et al, 2006;Fu et al, 2006;Amaraweera et al, 2014Amaraweera et al, , 2018Hewathilake et al, 2017). Further, mild oxidation process did not involve the formation of an intermediary graphite intercalation compound or other secondary phases (JCPDS: 75-1621).…”

Section: Surface Modification Of Vein Graphitementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Use of strong chemical oxidants such as (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 , HNO 3 and HF is identified as a successful method for surface modification of natural graphite (Ein-Eli and Koch, 1997;Wu et al, 2002Xiaowei et al, 2004;Balasooriya et al, 2006;Fu et al, 2006;Amaraweera et al, 2014Amaraweera et al, , 2018Hewathilake et al, 2017). Those strong chemicals are hazardous and highly toxic substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of vein graphite anode materials by eco-friendly mild oxidation, for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries

Amaraweera

Pynthamil

Wijayasinghe

et al. 2019

J. Geol. Soc. Sri Lanka

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Vein graphite with high purity and crystallinity has been identified as a cost-effective source to produce anode material. High anisotropy of graphite surface and impurities in trace levels cause profound alteration of electrochemical activities in Lithium-ion Rechargeable Batteries (LIBs). Surface modification with strong chemical oxidant such as (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 8 , HNO 3 and HF, which are highly toxic and hazardous is identified as a successful method to modify the graphite as an anode material. Therefore, an eco-friendly approach to modify the vein graphite surface was investigated in this study. Purified needle platy graphite was treated with H 2 O 2 solution at 60°C for 24 hours. FT-IR spectra and Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns oxidized graphite indicate the formation of acidic groups or an oxidized layer without affecting the crystallographic structure of graphite due to mild oxidation with H 2 O 2. In addition, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) images provided results suggesting that the oxidation eliminates some reactive structural defects in vein graphite. The electrochemical properties of the graphite electrodes were studied with the assembled CR 2032 coin cells. The charge, discharge study of the assembled cells , carried out at C/5 rate with a cutoff voltage of 0.002-1.5 V at room temperature indicate a considerable improvement in the overall electrochemical performance of the graphite electrode material prepared by mild oxidation using H 2 O 2 as the oxidant. This enhancement of electrochemical performance may results due to the improved graphite surface structure formed by the H 2 O 2 mild oxidation process used in this study. Mild oxidation of vein graphite with H 2 O 2 is ecofriendly and cost-effective method since water is the by-product of the oxidation process carried out at low temperature.

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Section: Electrochemical Performancementioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Electrochemical Performancementioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Surface Modification Of Vein Graphitementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Preparation of vein graphite anode materials by eco-friendly mild oxidation, for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries

Amaraweera

Pynthamil

Wijayasinghe

et al. 2019

J. Geol. Soc. Sri Lanka

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“…Due to their high specific capacities, long cycle life, high specific surface area, high cycling stability, as well as superior electrical conductivity, carbon materials have captured more and more attentions ,. In terms of their structures, Carbon materials own a serious of structure such as carbon nanotubes, graphene and carbon nanofiber, they are all widely used in LIBs as anode materials. However, their low surface area and high cost are preventing their commercial application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Mesoporous Biomass Carbon Derived from Corn Stalks and Formation Mechanism

Zhu

et al. 2017

ChemistrySelect

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Different formational process could lead to diverse morphologies and properties. Therefore, the study on formation mechanism was very important to figure out the influence of formational process. The corn stalk core (CSC), as a kind of renewable biological resource, could be used as raw materials to prepare activated carbon materials (ACs) via carbonizing and activating. The transformational mechanisms on the every step and the variation of various components in the CSC were studied, which was supposed the feasible methods to enhance the performance. In addition, the process of cellulose trans-forming into the carbon and the carbon structure were deduced. The carbon materials prepared were characterized through a series of equipments, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements (BET), the obtained results showed that the ACs with more pores and higher specific surface area than the materials unactivated. In the end, the ACs was applied as anode in the lithium ion batteries (LIBs) to test their electrochemical performances. Comparing the carbon materials unactivated, the role of activated process was revealed.

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Sustainable Manufacturing of Graphitic Carbon from Bio‐Waste Using Flash Heating for Anode Material of Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Optimal Performance

Kaur,

Pannu,

Shiddiky

et al. 2024

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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To address the fundamental challenge of resource sustainability and to effectively deal with issues pertaining to supply chain resilience, cost efficiency, environmental impact, and the ability to meet specific local needs; there is an urgent need for high‐grade battery anode materials produced locally from readily available raw materials. In this work, synthesis of high‐quality graphitic carbon (GH) derived from human hair is demonstrated using an in‐house engineered reactor based on Joule's Flash heating method. The GH is characterized using various techniques to examine its chemical composition, particle morphology, crystallinity, and demonstrate its usability as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. Fabricated coin cell with active material exhibits a gravimetric capacity of 320 mAh g−1 at a current density of 30 mA g−1 (equivalent to a C rate of ≈0.1C) over the 100 cycles. The in situ and ex situ studies using XRD, Raman, XPS, and UPS techniques conclude that during the initial charge cycle for GH, lithium ions diffused into the electrode during the resting period are effectively removed. This not only improves the lithium inventory to start with but also mitigates subsequent solvent degradation during solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. Thus, these improvements ultimately enhance the capacity of the anode to 500mAh g−1 at a current density of 20 mA g−1. The study offers the potential to initiate a new realm of research by redirecting the focus to a material once considered as mere waste.

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Performance of developed natural vein graphite as the anode material of rechargeable lithium ion batteries

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Preparation of vein graphite anode materials by eco-friendly mild oxidation, for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries

Preparation of vein graphite anode materials by eco-friendly mild oxidation, for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries

Preparation of Mesoporous Biomass Carbon Derived from Corn Stalks and Formation Mechanism

Sustainable Manufacturing of Graphitic Carbon from Bio‐Waste Using Flash Heating for Anode Material of Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Optimal Performance

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