Performance of Diploid and Triploid Rainbow Trout Stocked in Idaho Alpine Lakes

Koenig, Martin K.; Kozfkay, Joseph R.; Meyer, Kevin A.; Schill, Daniel J.

doi:10.1080/02755947.2011.561163

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Stocking triploids is an alternative to effectively avoid interbreeding of hatchery fish and wild fishes, thereby minimizing the impacts of wild stocks in the long‐term while providing fishing opportunities (Koenig et al. , Lorenzen et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How ecological processes shape the outcomes of stock enhancement and harvest regulations in recreational fisheries

Johnston

Allen

Beardmore

et al. 2018

Ecological Applications

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Fish stocking and harvest regulations are frequently used to maintain or enhance freshwater recreational fisheries and contribute to fish conservation. However, their relative effectiveness has rarely been systematically evaluated using quantitative models that account for key size- and density-dependent ecological processes and adaptive responses of anglers. We present an integrated model of freshwater recreational fisheries where the population dynamics of two model species affect the effort dynamics of recreational anglers. With this model, we examined how stocking various fish densities and sizes (fry, fingerlings, and adults) performed relative to minimum-length limits using a variety of biological, social, and economic performance measures, while evaluating trade-offs. Four key findings are highlighted. First, stocking often augmented the exploited fish population, but size- and density-dependent bottlenecks limited the number of fry and fingerlings surviving to a catchable size in self-sustaining populations. The greatest enhancement of the catchable fish population occurred when large fish that escaped early bottlenecks were stocked, but this came at the cost of wild-stock replacement, thereby demonstrating a fundamental trade-off between fisheries benefits and conservation. Second, the relative performance of stocking naturally reproducing populations was largely independent of habitat quality and was generally low. Third, stocking was only economically advisable when natural reproduction was impaired or absent, stocking rates were low, and enough anglers benefitted from stocking to offset the associated costs. Fourth, in self-sustaining fish populations, minimum-length limits generally outperformed stocking when judged against a range of biological, social and economic objectives. By contrast, stocking in culture-based fisheries often generated substantial benefits. Collectively, our study demonstrates that size- and density-dependent processes, and broadly the degree of natural recruitment, drive the biological, social, and economic outcomes of popular management actions in recreational fisheries. To evaluate these outcomes and the resulting trade-offs, integrated fisheries-management models that explicitly consider the feedbacks among ecological and social processes are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How ecological processes shape the outcomes of stock enhancement and harvest regulations in recreational fisheries

Johnston

Allen

Beardmore

et al. 2018

Ecological Applications

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“…; High & Meyer ; Koenig et al . ; Koenig & Meyer ). Unfortunately, none of these studies examined the diet of the stocked triploids, which would indicate whether they might displace wild fish.…”

Section: Impacts Of Triploidy On Phenotypic Characteristics Relevant mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of triploidy as a management tool for reproductive containment of farmed fish: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as a case study

Benfey

2015

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) dominates aquaculture production in its native North Atlantic range, raising concerns about the impacts of escaped farmed fish on wild populations. While physical confinement and operational management practices have improved steadily with the development of this industry, some escapes are inevitable. In the absence of effective measures for the rapid recapture of escaped fish, the only practical method currently available to minimize their impacts on wild populations is to ensure that they are female triploids and therefore reproductively sterile. The technology for producing all‐female triploid populations of Atlantic salmon is simple and easily applied on a commercial scale, and routinely results in populations that are entirely female and >98% triploid. Aside from sterility, there are no population‐wide phenotypic effects of triploidy, although triploids do tend to perform less well than diploids with respect to commercial culture characteristics and are also less likely than escaped diploids to outcompete or displace native salmon. Some uncertainties exist with respect to their disease resistance and their potential to become reservoirs for the spread of pathogens to wild populations. If the spawning potential of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon is deemed to pose an unacceptable risk to native populations, then all‐female triploid populations could be used as an alternative to reduce risk. Research should continue to focus on improving triploid performance through breeding programmes and optimization of husbandry conditions (including nutrition, environmental conditions and fish health), with the goal of making triploids an attractive option for fish farmers.

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“…When mixed‐sex triploid Rainbow Trout were stocked into recreational fisheries in Idaho alpine lakes, their survival was less than that of diploids (Koenig et al. ). Koenig and Meyer () indicated that although survival and return to anglers were greater for stocked diploid all‐female Rainbow Trout than for concurrently stocked triploids, the triploids still represented a viable option for fishery managers, especially in application to waters with high‐quality habitat.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Diploid and Triploid Saugeye Recruitment, Growth, and Condition in Kansas Impoundments

Koch

Steffen

Goeckler

et al. 2018

N American J Fish Manag

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Saugeyes (Walleye Sander vitreus × Sauger S. canadensis) are stocked by natural resource agencies to provide angling opportunities and biological control of abundant small‐bodied fishes. Concern has been raised regarding the stocking of fertile diploid saugeyes in Kansas waters due to potential genetic introgression into wild parental stocks and unintended natural reproduction in ecologically sensitive systems. As such, triploid saugeyes have been stocked in Kansas since 2006 but with minimal evaluation. We compared relative recruitment, growth, and condition of diploid and triploid saugeyes after stocking equal numbers of 3–6‐d‐old diploid and triploid saugeye fry in four Kansas reservoirs for 3 years. Saugeyes were sampled from study reservoirs annually (2014–2016) with autumn night electrofishing, and flow cytometry was used to determine the ploidy of sampled fish. Throughout the study, diploid fish composed approximately 80% of sampled saugeyes. Age‐0 year‐classes consisted of 67–100% diploid fish, depending on the study reservoir and sampling year. As saugeyes reached ages 1 and 2, similar patterns in relative recruitment were indicated, with diploids outnumbering triploids by approximately four times. At individual study impoundments, diploid saugeyes composed 75–87% of fish from all study year‐classes. Mean length of diploid saugeyes was generally greater than that of triploids at age 0, whereas mean lengths at ages 1 and 2 were similar for the two groups. Our results indicate that diploid saugeye fry represent a more efficient stocking option than triploid fry and that managers should carefully balance consideration of the relative recruitment of diploid and triploid saugeyes with potential genetic integration between Sander spp. when conducting supplemental stockings.

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Performance of Diploid and Triploid Rainbow Trout Stocked in Idaho Alpine Lakes

Cited by 27 publications

References 40 publications

How ecological processes shape the outcomes of stock enhancement and harvest regulations in recreational fisheries

How ecological processes shape the outcomes of stock enhancement and harvest regulations in recreational fisheries

Effectiveness of triploidy as a management tool for reproductive containment of farmed fish: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as a case study

Comparison of Diploid and Triploid Saugeye Recruitment, Growth, and Condition in Kansas Impoundments

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