Performance of equatorial multiple-site diversity systems evaluated from rain rate time series

D’Amico, M.; Manzoni, Andrea; Ramos, Boris; Santos, José Lúıs

doi:10.23919/eucap.2017.7928216

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Both investigations in Guam and Nigeria shared a mutual agreement that the site separation distance was the key factor that influences diversity gain, which could be increased if the distance was larger. As reported in his article in 2017, D'Amico et al [40] also investigated multipledistance site diversity in Guayaquil, Ecuador, in the equatorial region. The rain attenuation was deduced from the rain rate time series using SST, and then the SDG was determined.…”

Section: Sdg Investigations and Prediction Modelsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Abayomi et al [39] Lagos, Nigeria ▪ could be increased by extending the distance between sites. D'Amico [40] Guayaquil, Ecuador ▪ The diverse site should be selected at the location with different rain accumulation from the main site to achieve high . Rafiqul et al [45] Selangor, Malaysia ▪ The comparison of prediction models, such that the ITU-R, Hodge, Panagopoulos, and Semire models showed that the ITU-R and Hodge models suited the data with high antenna elevation angle (77.4°).…”

Section: Prof Ir Dr Mandeep Jit Singhmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Review of the Site Diversity Technique in Tropical Region: Evaluation of Prediction Models Using Site Diversity Gain of Greece and India

et al. 2021

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my).⁞ABSTRACT The satellite signal deteriorates as it propagates from the source to the ground antenna on the surface of the earth. While some losses involving the amplitude and energy of the signal are unavoidably recovered due to the long slant path through the atmosphere, the impairment due to precipitation, especially rain, can be mitigated. Site diversity is one of the ways to obtain a less rain-attenuated signal, simply by preparing the other site to receive a link similar to that of the main site. Dual site diversity is common in practice with a site separation distance of at least a rain cell extent. This article presents an overview of the site diversity concept and a description of all parameters involved regarding the factor that contributed to the gain, which has been used as a performance metric to measure the effectiveness of a site diversity scheme. A detailed assessment of the capability of the gain prediction model is presented using site diversity experimental data conducted in two different climatic groups, namely, Greece in a temperate region and India in a tropical climatic region. The models involved in the evaluation were the ITU-R, Hodge, and Panagopoulos models, which were validated using temperate regional data, and the Semire and Yeo models, which were validated using tropical regional data. The observations of model behavior revealed that the Semire and Yeo models of the tropics were consistent with the measured gain obtained from India and Greece, respectively; thus, this demonstrated that the direction of future prediction models should consider both climates in the validation process.⁞INDEX TERMS Signal degradation, model evaluation, tropical region, rain-induced attenuation, atmospheric effect.

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Section: Sdg Investigations and Prediction Modelsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Prof Ir Dr Mandeep Jit Singhmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of the Site Diversity Technique in Tropical Region: Evaluation of Prediction Models Using Site Diversity Gain of Greece and India

et al. 2021

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“…The spatial horizontal rain-cell span has been reaching at least 15 km, investigated in tropics by [ 18 ], and 10 km in the temperate region [ 19 ]. The site-separation distance has also been investigated using micro rain-cell site diversity, by which the predefined threshold classifying the smaller rain-cell (in meters) span was monitored [ 20 ], and multiple site diversity, which normally has a longer distance (in kilometers) between each site [ 21 ]. In the former, Shukla et al simulated the rain attenuation at seven sites, assuming a 30 GHz operating frequency and antenna elevation of 61°.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Horizontal Rain-Cell Span and Wind Impact on Multisite Diversity Scheme in a Tropical Region during El-Niño and La-Niña

Samat

Singh

Al-Jumaily

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Site diversity is the most effective way to recover a signal lost during heavy downpours, especially in tropical regions since other mitigation techniques such as adaptive power control and code modulation may be unreliable during such. Duplicated links at diverse sites are deployed, and the least-attenuated signal of either site will be routed to the prime site for further operation. Since the deployment is costly, a diversity-gain model is used to estimate the appropriateness of selected sites. Diversity gain is known to depend on site-separation distance and elevation angle and, optionally, baseline angle and signal frequency, based on the region of research. In addition to these factors, the horizontal rain-cell span and the wind’s impact on the gain are ongoing investigations, especially in tropical regions. This article presented the rain analysis from the year 2014 to mid-July 2017 at eight sites in the Gombak and Sepang districts of Malaysia to investigate the dependency relevancies. The rain rates were then used to predict the attenuation using the ITU-R P.618-13 rain-attenuation model, and the inter- and cross-district gain characteristics were evaluated. The observation of diurnal rain during the northeast seasons yielded that the northeast wind stimulates intense rain at locations along its direction, thus, extending the horizontal rain-cell span to 15 km distant from a host. Meanwhile, sites located at 5 km distant, slightly perpendicular to the wind direction, and from 90° to 180° from due north of the host, experience less rain. The baseline angle variation establishes nonimpact to the gain and lengthening the site-separation distance presented equal chances to the shorter span towards diversity-gain increment. The research outcome is necessary to formulate a more reliable diversity-gain model to be used in the industry.

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Performance of Equatorial Time Diversity Systems Evaluated from Rain Rate Time Series

Brito

DrAmico

Ramos

et al. 2018

2018 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC)

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Performance of equatorial multiple-site diversity systems evaluated from rain rate time series

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

A Comprehensive Review of the Site Diversity Technique in Tropical Region: Evaluation of Prediction Models Using Site Diversity Gain of Greece and India

A Comprehensive Review of the Site Diversity Technique in Tropical Region: Evaluation of Prediction Models Using Site Diversity Gain of Greece and India

The Horizontal Rain-Cell Span and Wind Impact on Multisite Diversity Scheme in a Tropical Region during El-Niño and La-Niña

Performance of Equatorial Time Diversity Systems Evaluated from Rain Rate Time Series

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