Performance of Fe3O4@SiO2 as the recyclable heterogeneous catalyst in the bisphenol A recovery from polycarbonate wastes

Emami, Samira; Nikje, Mir Mohammad Alavi

doi:10.1177/1477760618798270

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…PC glycolysis earlier has been studied in the presence of alkaline/alkali earth metal carbonates/hydroxide. Although these materials cannot be recycled/reused in the further new reactions of depolymerization processes (20,50,79). While the reusability of LDHs has been also investigated after their separation from the reaction mixture and reusability in this study.…”

Section: Reusability Of Ldhsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When glycolysis carried out in EG, the main products are bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) in case of PET while bisphenol A (BPA) in case of PC with/without dimer and oligomers (Fig. 2) [14,[17][18][19][20][21]. However, the rate of glycolysis process is slow or reaction cannot proceed in absence of the catalyst even at high temperature and pressure conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MAlCO3 Based Layered Double Hydroxides for Catalytic Depolymerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) Waste Materials

Kumari,

Soni,

Sharma

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Polyesters are most frequently used engineering polymeric materials however, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polycarbonate (PC) are vastly used polymers and considered as the valuable polymers for the production of fibres, containers, building materials, eyeglass lenses, CDs, DVDs, computer appliances, sports safety equipment. Because of their good tensile strength, thermal stability, chemical resistance and processability, which lead to continuous growth in their demand for widespread applications. The environmental accumulation, high resilience, and fast disposal with degradation/reusability/recycling of these plastics, have given rise to a global concern. The research has been laid in the development of methods for the recycling of these materials are important from environmental protection and resource sustainability point of view. In the present study, the catalytic depolymerization of PET and PC waste accomplished using MAlCO3 based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and ethylene glycol (EG) into bis(2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) (BHET) and bisphenol A (BPA) as the main products, respectively. The different type of LDHs combinations synthesized by substitution of different divalent metal ions (MAl-CO3 LDHs where M= Ni/Zn/Mg/Ca/ Co/Cu/Li/Pb/Cd/Mn) through co-precipitation method and characterized by using XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDX techniques. The reaction conditions for the catalytic glycolysis such as the amount of catalyst, solvent, reaction time, and crystallization time have been studied. Furthermore, the recyclability of catalysts has also been investigated. The obtained products after catalytic depolymerization have been identified and characterized using melting point apparatus, thin layer chromatography, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The catalytic performance of LDHs combinations as Zn ˃ Mn ˃ Li, Pb > Cd > Mg > Ni > Co > Ca > Cu has been observed in case of PET while, only ZnAl-CO3 LDH showed catalytic activity in degradation of PC. The catalysts are reusable more than 4 cycles in both case of depolymerization processes without any significant decrease in the activity. The yield of BHET and BPA were observed 79.34 % and 89.07 %, respectively. This work mainly highlighted a sustainable way to design efficient, stable, eco- friendly and recyclable catalysts for PET and PC waste glycolysis into value added products.

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Section: Reusability Of Ldhsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAlCO3 Based Layered Double Hydroxides for Catalytic Depolymerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) Waste Materials

Kumari,

Soni,

Sharma

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Transition Metal Catalysts for Depolymerization

Luk,

Kumar

2023

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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The global production and use of plastics is ever increasing, and consequently, so is plastic waste. Chemical recycling or depolymerization offers a potentially sustainable solution to the crisis of plastic pollution, enabling the production of either valuable organic compounds or monomers for a closed‐loop system. A vast amount of such depolymerization processes involve transition‐metal‐based catalysts. This review article provides a synopsis of various methods used for the transition‐metal‐catalyzed depolymerization of plastics. Processes based on both hetero‐ and homogeneous catalysts have been reviewed along with details of commercialized processes where relevant. The content has been divided on the basis of the type of plastics—polyolefins (polyethenes, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride), polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyurethanes, and polyureas. Processes based on pyrolysis, hydrogenolysis, and solvolysis have been discussed throughout the article as promising tools for the depolymerization of plastics. Considering that there is a plethora of literature on plastic degradation, we have focused only on the processes where a transition metal is used as a catalyst under thermal conditions. Therefore, several other processes such as plastic degradation using enzyme, plasma, supercritical solvents, and ionic liquid or photodegradation have been deemed out of scope of this article.

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MAl-CO3 based layered double hydroxides for catalytic depolymerization of poly (ethylene terephthalate) and poly(bisphenol A carbonate) waste materials

Kumari,

Soni,

Sharma

et al. 2024

Applied Catalysis O: Open

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Performance of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ as the recyclable heterogeneous catalyst in the bisphenol A recovery from polycarbonate wastes

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

MAlCO3 Based Layered Double Hydroxides for Catalytic Depolymerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) Waste Materials

MAlCO3 Based Layered Double Hydroxides for Catalytic Depolymerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) Waste Materials

Transition Metal Catalysts for Depolymerization

MAl-CO3 based layered double hydroxides for catalytic depolymerization of poly (ethylene terephthalate) and poly(bisphenol A carbonate) waste materials

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