Performance of Four Commercial Wearable Sleep-Tracking Devices Tested Under Unrestricted Conditions at Home in Healthy Young Adults

Chinoy, Evan D.; Cuellar, Joseph A; Jameson, Jason; Markwald, Rachel R.

doi:10.2147/nss.s348795

Cited by 74 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Comparisons between wearable devices and more standard measures, such as PSG, highlights room for improvement. These devices have high sensitivity in detecting sleep periods (91–96%) but lower specificity in detecting wake, ranging from 18% to 80% across studies averaging around 50% [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. The challenge with specificity is partially due to these devices being indirect measures of sleep that do not record brain activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, independent company algorithms are often proprietary to the company, making them challenging to objectively assess. However, recent commercial devices are now performing more similar to research-grade actigraphy for the detection of sleep and wake, which, as mentioned, has challenges in detecting wakefulness [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been studies to compare the performance of different wearable sleep trackers against each other. As has been found previously, the devices were generally sensitive in their detection of sleep but low in their specificity, resulting in an overestimation of sleep as they miss the detection of wake [ 23 , 24 , 28 , 31 ]. Regarding reliability, when wearing two of the same devices simultaneously, the agreement for sleep is generally high [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyjamas, Polysomnography and Professional Athletes: The Role of Sleep Tracking Technology in Sport

Driller

Dunican

Omond

et al. 2023

Sports

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Technological advances in sleep monitoring have seen an explosion of devices used to gather important sleep metrics. These devices range from instrumented ‘smart pyjamas’ through to at-home polysomnography devices. Alongside these developments in sleep technologies, there have been concomitant increases in sleep monitoring in athletic populations, both in the research and in practical settings. The increase in sleep monitoring in sport is likely due to the increased knowledge of the importance of sleep in the recovery process and performance of an athlete, as well as the well-reported challenges that athletes can face with their sleep. This narrative review will discuss: (1) the importance of sleep to athletes; (2) the various wearable tools and technologies being used to monitor sleep in the sport setting; (3) the role that sleep tracking devices may play in gathering information about sleep; (4) the reliability and validity of sleep tracking devices; (5) the limitations and cautions associated with sleep trackers; and, (6) the use of sleep trackers to guide behaviour change in athletes. We also provide some practical recommendations for practitioners working with athletes to ensure that the selection of such devices and technology will meet the goals and requirements of the athlete.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyjamas, Polysomnography and Professional Athletes: The Role of Sleep Tracking Technology in Sport

Driller

Dunican

Omond

et al. 2023

Sports

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“…Most validation studies, preferably referred to as evaluation studies 13 , are conducted in young healthy adults without sleep disturbances rather than in older participants with health problems and sleep disturbance. Most evaluation studies, in addition, do not offer inter-device comparisons, hence limiting conclusions on the relative performance of the devices [14][15][16][17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Contactless Sleep Technologies Compared with Polysomnography and Actigraphy in a Heterogenous Group of Older Men and Women in a Model of Mild Sleep Disturbance

Ravindran

Monica

Atzori

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Contactless sleep technologies hold promise for longitudinal, unobtrusive sleep monitoring in health and disease at scale, but few have been evaluated in older people. The performance of three contactless sleep technologies (a bedside radar [Somnofy] and two under-mattress devices [Withings sleep analyser and Emfit-QS]) were compared to polysomnography and actigraphy [Actiwatch Spectrum] in a sleep laboratory study during a 10-hour time in bed period which induced mild sleep disturbance. The data were collected in a group of older men and women (n=35; 70.8±4.9 years; 14 women) several of whom had health problems and/or sleep apnoea. We conducted a comprehensive and rigorous evaluation of the devices involving estimation of robust performance metrics (both sleep summary and epoch by epoch concordance) for classification of sleep vs wake and NREM and REM sleep stages. All devices overestimated total sleep time and the sleep stage estimation was unsatisfactory in this group of older people in whom sleep efficiency was relatively low. Our findings indicate that even though these devices provide some useful information on sleep behaviour, the performance of contactless sleep technologies requires improvement before they can serve as an alternative to polysomnography and actigraphy for estimating most sleep variables in older individuals.

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“…Additionally, most studies test CSTs in controlled environments. A recent study, however, tested the performance of CSTs under naturalistic unrestricted home sleep conditions and compared them to PSG; findings indicated that CSTs were best utilized for tracking sleep-wake outcomes and not sleep stages in real-world conditions [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of and Experiences with Consumer Sleep Technologies That Use Artificial Intelligence

Kearns

Laine

et al. 2022

Sensors

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This study aims to assess the perspectives and usability of different consumer sleep technologies (CSTs) that leverage artificial intelligence (AI). We answer the following research questions: (1) what are user perceptions and ideations of CSTs (phase 1), (2) what are the users’ actual experiences with CSTs (phase 2), (3) and what are the design recommendations from participants (phases 1 and 2)? In this two-phase qualitative study, we conducted focus groups and usability testing to describe user ideations of desires and experiences with different AI sleep technologies and identify ways to improve the technologies. Results showed that focus group participants prioritized comfort, actionable feedback, and ease of use. Participants desired customized suggestions about their habitual sleeping environments and were interested in CSTs+AI that could integrate with tools and CSTs they already use. Usability study participants felt CSTs+AI provided an accurate picture of the quantity and quality of sleep. Participants identified room for improvement in usability, accuracy, and design of the technologies. We conclude that CSTs can be a valuable, affordable, and convenient tool for people who have issues or concerns with sleep and want more information. They provide objective data that can be discussed with clinicians.

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Performance of Four Commercial Wearable Sleep-Tracking Devices Tested Under Unrestricted Conditions at Home in Healthy Young Adults

Cited by 74 publications

References 36 publications

Pyjamas, Polysomnography and Professional Athletes: The Role of Sleep Tracking Technology in Sport

Pyjamas, Polysomnography and Professional Athletes: The Role of Sleep Tracking Technology in Sport

Three Contactless Sleep Technologies Compared with Polysomnography and Actigraphy in a Heterogenous Group of Older Men and Women in a Model of Mild Sleep Disturbance

Perceptions of and Experiences with Consumer Sleep Technologies That Use Artificial Intelligence

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