“…The existing GPP data products can be divided into four main groupings: (1) According to the principle of the light use efficiency (LUE) ( Potter et al., 1993 ; Running et al., 2004 ); (2) Estimating GPP by machine learning algorithms (ML) ( Jung et al., 2019 ; Tramontana et al., 2015 ); (3) Using Eddy Covariance (EC) technique to obtain flux tower observations and scaling-up ( Gu et al., 2013 ), Categories 1–3 can be categorized as data-driven models; (4) Utilizing Land surface models (LSM) or ecosystem models ( Dunne et al., 2012 ; Gent et al., 2011 ; Sun et al., 2019 ). These products diverge in GPP estimates at different ecosystems and external environments and have advantages and disadvantages in various studies ( Chen, 2019 ; Pei et al., 2020 ; Zheng et al., 2019 ). LUE products are good at detecting the spatial distribution pattern of GPP but usually perform poorly on seasonal GPP estimates and overestimate GPP under dry and cold conditions ( Chen et al., 2012 ; Ryu et al., 2011 ; Wei et al., 2017 ; Yuan et al., 2012 , 2014 ).…”