Performance of graphene ECG electrodes under varying conditions

Beach, Christopher; Karim, Nazmul; Casson, Alexander J.

doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8513376

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Several studies 10,[25][26][27] have reported inkjet printing of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a popular choice to fabricate flexible devices, as it is readily dispersible in water, and higher volume can be produced at lower cost 28 . Our recent studies have shown promise of using graphene derivatives such as GO or rGO for wearable e-textiles applications 3,10,[29][30][31] . However, the large number of unreduced oxygen-containing functional groups and inter-sheet junctions between the graphene flakes limit the conductivity achieved with rGO 32 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

All Inkjet-Printed Graphene-Silver Composite Ink on Textiles for Highly Conductive Wearable Electronics Applications

Karim

Afroj

Tan

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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165

112

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Inkjet-printed wearable electronic textiles (e-textiles) are considered to be very promising due to excellent processing and environmental benefits offered by digital fabrication technique. Inkjet-printing of conductive metallic inks such as silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) are well-established and that of graphene-based inks is of great interest due to multi-functional properties of graphene. However, poor ink stability at higher graphene concentration and the cost associated with the higher Ag loading in metal inks have limited their wider use. Moreover, graphene-based e-textiles reported so far are mainly based on graphene derivatives such as graphene oxide (GO) or reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which suffers from poor electrical conductivity. Here we report inkjet printing of highly conductive and cost-effective graphene-Ag composite ink for wearable e-textiles applications. The composite inks were formulated, characterised and inkjet-printed onto PEL paper first and then sintered at 150 °C for 1 hr. The sheet resistance of the printed patterns is found to be in the range of ~0.08–4.74 Ω/sq depending on the number of print layers and the graphene-Ag ratio in the formulation. The optimised composite ink was then successfully printed onto surface pre-treated (by inkjet printing) cotton fabrics in order to produce all-inkjet-printed highly conductive and cost-effective electronic textiles.

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confidence: 99%

All Inkjet-Printed Graphene-Silver Composite Ink on Textiles for Highly Conductive Wearable Electronics Applications

Karim

Afroj

Tan

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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165

112

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“…For ECG data we run a Pan–Tompkins algorithm for R peak detection [31] on the data, to compare the performance of beat detection prior to and after motion artefact removal. We also measure the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the unfiltered ECG waveform using our previously reported method [32]. Briefly, this comprises of calculating the SNR in each heart beat interval by taking the amplitude of the R‐peak as the signal and the root‐mean‐square of a section of the data between successive R‐peaks as the noise (a window of time from

1 / 2

3 / 4

between successive peaks).…”

Section: Validation and Verification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion artefact removal in electroencephalography and electrocardiography by using multichannel inertial measurement units and adaptive filtering

Beach

Balaban

et al. 2021

Healthcare Tech Letters

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This paper presents a new active electrode design for electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors based on inertial measurement units to remove motion artefacts during signal acquisition. Rather than measuring motion data from a single source for the entire recording unit, inertial measurement units are attached to each individual EEG or ECG electrode to collect local movement data. This data is then used to remove the motion artefact by using normalised least mean square adaptive filtering. Results show that the proposed active electrode design can reduce motion contamination from EEG and ECG signals in chest movement and head swinging motion scenarios. However, it is found that the performance varies, necessitating the need for the algorithm to be paired with more sophisticated signal processing to identify scenarios where it is beneficial in terms of improving signal quality. The new instrumentation hardware allows data driven artefact removal to be performed, providing a new data driven approach compared to widely used blind-source separation methods, and helps enable in the wild EEG recordings to be performed.

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“…We have previously demonstrated how graphene-based textiles can be used as a bio sensing material in electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings [8], and how they offer stable performance in real-world conditions [9]. In this work we expand this, and the graphene EOG system in [7], by showing how our method for creating graphene textiles can be used for EOG recordings sewn to a conventional eye mask, while held in place using only the standard elastic strap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A Graphene-Based Sleep Mask for Comfortable Wearable Eye Tracking

Beach

Karim

Casson

2019

2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

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We present a new wearable electrooculogram (EOG) monitor for measuring eye movements. We fabricated conductive and flexible graphene-based textiles from nylon to use as a sensing electrode, which we then integrated into a commercially available eye mask held in place only with the standard elastic strap. We tested this mask on 4 participants to quantify the noise floor and show that we can detect eye blinks to a high SNR of over 16 dB. We also identify that the material can detect other eye movements in cases when the noise floor is low. As our system is held in place with only an elastic strap it offers the same level of comfort as when wearing a normal eye mask. Our sensors offer an increased level of comfort over conventional gelled electrodes traditionally used in EOG monitoring and may be of use for comfortable eye movement experiments. This is particularly important during sleep studies where the EOG is routinely monitored, but using bulky instrumentation.

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Performance of graphene ECG electrodes under varying conditions

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

All Inkjet-Printed Graphene-Silver Composite Ink on Textiles for Highly Conductive Wearable Electronics Applications

All Inkjet-Printed Graphene-Silver Composite Ink on Textiles for Highly Conductive Wearable Electronics Applications

Motion artefact removal in electroencephalography and electrocardiography by using multichannel inertial measurement units and adaptive filtering

A Graphene-Based Sleep Mask for Comfortable Wearable Eye Tracking

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