Performance of high-loaded ANAMMOX UASB reactors containing granular sludge

Comprehensive study for Anammox process via multistage anaerobic baffled reactors

“…The results obtained revealed that decreasing the HRT from 48 to 9.6 h reduced the removal efficiencies of NH4-N, NO2-N and TIN from 97.7±2.2 to 49.0±9.8%, from 95.7±1.9 to 71.0±8.5% and from 96.8±0.9 to 57.9±9.1%, respectively, that corresponding to decrease in NRR from 50.8±1.2 mg N/L·d at HRT of 48 h to 32.5±5.0 mg N/Ld at HRT of 9.6 h. Short HRT probably reduced the substrate utilization efficiency as the contact time between the microorganisms and substrate was insufficient resulting in high residual values of Nitrogen ammonia. The residual values of NH4-N and NO2-N were increased from 1.2±1.1 and 2.1±1.1 mg/L to 26.0±7.1 and 13.8±8.4 mg/L while decreasing the HRT from 48 to 9.6 h. these observation is in agreement with Tang et al [6] who mentioned the same behaviour in up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor were initially inoculated with anaerobic granular sludge taken from a paper mill wastewater treatment plant. …”

“…Under anaerobic or anoxic conditions, Anammox bacteria, which belong to the order Planctomycetales, accomplish autotrophic ammonium (NH4 + ) oxidation to produce dinitrogen (N2) gas while using nitrite (NO2ˉ) as an electron acceptor and CO2 as carbon source, producing scanty amounts of nitrate (NO3ˉ) (Eq. (1)) [6,7]. This process offers several advantages over conventional nitrification-denitrification systems including higher nitrogen removal rate, lower operational cost and less space requirement [4].…”

High-throughput nitritation of reject water with a novel ammonium control loop: Stable effluent generation for anammox or heterotrophic denitritation

“…As stated in several studies, the actual bottleneck in the overall capacity of N-removal advanced treatment systems is the limiting capacity of the PN compared to anammox capacity [6,8,28]. Consequently, the novel technology presented in this study can be useful to improve the capacity of N-removal via nitrite.…”

Granular activated carbon as nucleus for formation of Anammox granules in an expanded granular-sludge-bed reactor

“…The matured, red GAC-seeded granules (Fig. 3) ), compared to typical values for biomass granules of 73 to 88 m h -1 (Tang et al, 2011). Some fragments from crushed granules washed-out of the reactor, which suggests that the increased density of the mature GAC-based granules is instrumental in enhancing sedimentation and retention of the essential biomass, which could also reduce the occurrence of floating loss due to gas generation activity.…”