Performance of High-Rate Kinematic GPS During Strong Shaking: Observations from Shake Table Tests and the 2010 Chile Earthquake

Wang, G.; Blume, F.; Meertens, Charles; Ibáñez, P.; Schulze, Mareike

doi:10.2478/v10156-011-0020-0

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Literature reviews on the application of GPS-based monitoring for high-rise structures and for SHM are available (Im et al 2013;Yi et al 2013b). In addition to the full-scale monitoring studies, there is a number of experimental studies for assessing the accuracy and dynamic performance of DGPS in terms of SHM that include but are not limited to those by Chan et al (2006), Nickitopoulou et al (2006), , , and Wang et al (2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental assessment of post-processed kinematic Precise Point Positioning method for structural health monitoring

Yiğit

2014

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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Monitoring the response of engineering structures, such as tall buildings, tower and large-scale bridges, under severe loading conditions, such as strong earthquake or wind storm, is an important requirement to verify their design and construction and to evaluate structural condition and reliability. In the last two decades, high-rate real-time or post-processed kinematic differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) has been widely used in dynamic displacement measurements of civil engineering structures. In recent years, interest has increased for Precise Point Positioning (PPP) due to its capability to generate positioning solutions as accurate as DGPS. In this study, the potential of postprocessed kinematic PPP in terms of monitoring dynamic displacement response of a structure has been explored based on free damped oscillation events obtained from a model structure, which is able to vibrate in the fundamental and higher modes of vibration. A number of experiments have been carried out and five events, each of which is different character, have been selected to compare PPP results with DPGS results in the time and frequency domain. The results clearly demonstrate that the PPP method, like the DGPS method, offers great potential for the measurement of horizontal and vertical dynamic movement of structures. The impact of a short period (one minute) of observation length on the result of the kinematic PPP method was also investigated in terms of sensing the dynamic movement of a structure. Twenty selected one-minute data-sets extracted from a one-hour original data-set were processed by Canadian spatial reference system PPP and each one-minute PPP solution was compared with the corresponding segment obtained from the one-hour PPP solution. The results show that the oneminute PPP solution is able to extract the fundamental natural frequency of the oscillation in the horizontal and vertical component just like the one-hour PPP solution after the offset is removed and the lower frequency trend component is filtered out.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental assessment of post-processed kinematic Precise Point Positioning method for structural health monitoring

Yiğit

2014

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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“…These considerable improvements have the potential of measuring earthquake ground motions. Large and moderate earthquakes were successfully observed by permanent 1 sps GPS stations: 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine (Nikolaidis et al 2001(Nikolaidis et al ), 2002 Denali Bock et al 2004;Kouba 2003;Bilich et al 2008Bilich et al ), 2003.0 TokachiOki (Clinton 2004;Miyazaki et al 2004;Emore et al 2007;Larson and Miyazaki 2008), 2004 M9.0 Sumatra Andaman (Kouba 2005;Ohta et al 2006Ohta et al ), 2005 Nias (Kreemer et al 2006), 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan (Shi et al 2010;Yin et al 2013), 2010 M8.8 Chile (Wang et al 2012), and 2011 M9.0 Tohoku-Oki (Munakane 2012; Zhou et al 2012;Hung and Ruey-Juin 2013). Beside these significant global events, moderate earthquakes have produced seismic displacements also observable by GPS: 2003 M6.5 San Simeon (Ji et al 2004;Wang et al 2007) and 2004 M6.0 Parkfield (Langbein and Bock 2004;Langbein 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elósegui et al (2006) published tests with a single-axis shake table and 1 sps GPS measurements. Wang et al (2012) extended the investigations by a six-degree-of-freedom shake table and sampling rates up to 10 sps. They showed large GPS measurement errors resulting from large accelerations and jerks in the generated motions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of high-rate GPS using a single-axis shake table

Häberling

Rothacher

Zhang

et al. 2015

J Geod

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The developments in GNSS receiver and antenna technologies, especially the increased sampling rate up to 100 sps, open up the possibility to measure high-rate earthquake ground motions with GNSS. In this paper we focus on the GPS errors in the frequency band above 1 Hz. The dominant error sources are mainly the carrier phase jitter caused by thermal noise and the stress error caused by the dynamics, e.g. antenna motions. To generate a large set of different motions, we used a single-axis shake table, where a GNSS antenna and a strong motion seismometer were mounted with a wellknown ground truth. The generated motions were recorded with three different GNSS receivers with sampling rates up to 100 sps and different receiver baseband parameters. The baseband parameters directly dictate the carrier phase jitter and the correlations between subsequent epochs. A narrow loop filter bandwidth keeps the carrier phase jitter on a low level, but has an extreme impact on the receiver response for motions above 1 Hz. The amplitudes above 3 Hz are overestimated up to 50 % or reduced by well over half. The corresponding phase errors are between 30 and 90 degrees. B S. HäberlingCompared to the GNSS receiver response, the strong motion seismometer measurements do not show any amplitude or phase variations for the frequency range from 1 to 20 Hz. Due to the large errors for dynamic GNSS measurements, it is essential to account for the baseband parameters of the GNSS receivers if high-rate GNSS is to become a valuable tool for seismic displacement measurements above 1 Hz. Fortunately, the receiver response can be corrected by an inverse filter if the baseband parameters are known.

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“…Geophysical investigations benefit from these developments enabling the analysis of various high-frequency phenomena. Prominent examples are volcano monitoring [Larson et al, 2010], subdaily strain estimation [Reuveni et al, 2012], tsunami prediction [Sobolev et al, 2007;Blewitt et al, 2009;Falck et al, 2010], and studies of coseismic displacements [Avallone et al, 2011;Larson, 2009;Wang et al, 2012]. Especially for large earthquakes the GNSS approach has advantages compared to seismometers because it does not saturate and directly provides displacements thus avoiding the uncertainties associated with integrating the acceleration records of strong motion instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved GPS‐based coseismic displacement monitoring using high‐precision oscillators

Weinbach

Schön

2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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The determination of high‐frequency displacements using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) observations with sampling frequencies > 1 Hz has attracted much interest in recent years, e.g., in seismology. We propose a new concept for GPS Precise Point Positioning (PPP) that takes advantage of a highly stable oscillator connected to the GPS receiver by modeling its behavior. We show that the high‐frequency noise of kinematic GPS height estimates can be reduced by a factor of up to 4 to the level of 2–3 mm and the overall standard deviation including systematic long periodic errors by a factor of up to 2 to the 1 cm level. Consequently, valuable small and currently hidden vertical displacements can be detected that are not visible with classical PPP. Using data of the 2010 Chile earthquake, we demonstrate that coseismic vertical displacements with an amplitude of only 5 mm can be recovered using PPP with the proposed clock modeling strategy.

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Performance of High-Rate Kinematic GPS During Strong Shaking: Observations from Shake Table Tests and the 2010 Chile Earthquake

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Experimental assessment of post-processed kinematic Precise Point Positioning method for structural health monitoring

Experimental assessment of post-processed kinematic Precise Point Positioning method for structural health monitoring

Assessment of high-rate GPS using a single-axis shake table

Improved GPS‐based coseismic displacement monitoring using high‐precision oscillators

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