Performance of higher poly(alkyl lactate acrylate)s as viscosity modifiers in vegetable oils

Abstract

Recently, bio‐derived materials such as vegetable oils are significantly employed in lubricating oil formulations due to its high flash point, high lubricity, low evaporation loss, renewability, biodegradability, and eco‐friendliness when compared to mineral oil. We investigated the performance of seven poly(alkyl lactate acrylate)s as viscosity modifiers in two vegetable oils, namely, coconut oil and sunflower oil, which differ in the percentage of polar compounds and degree of unsaturation. Poly(alkyl lactate acrylate)s having alkyl as hexyl to dodecyl group in different concentrations between 1 and 2 wt% were added to coconut and sunflower oil and parameters such as thickening power or Q factor, kinematic viscosity (μ), and viscosity index (VI) were calculated. The μ values at 40°C and 100°C of vegetable oils studied were lower than commercially available SAE20W40 engine oil, but the VI of coconut and sunflower oil was higher by about 22%. Value of Q factor higher than 1, indicated that these poly(alkyl lactate acrylate)s were VI improvers. VI increased with increase in the polymer concentration in both the vegetable oils. The length of the alkyl side chain of these polymers and the polarity of vegetable oil had predominant effect in determining the values of VI of vegetable oils. By using these polymer additives, VI was improved by 85.5% in coconut oil and by 61.7% in sunflower oil. Varying the concentration and alkyl group of these additives, one can largely modify the viscosity ranges enabling them to be used in different lubricating applications.

Gallate ester of castor oil as a multifunctional additive in HAF carbon black–filled natural rubber composites

“…Castor oil (CO), gallic acid (GA), p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA), anhydrous sodium sulfate, and tertrahydrofuran (THF) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. NR of the type SMR-20 with Mooney viscosity = 60-90 at 100 C, T g = À 75 C, and density = 0.913 ± 0.005 g/cm 3 was kindly supplied from Transport and Engineering company, Alexandria. HAF carbon black with particle size = 29 nm (fine granules), specific gravity = 1.78-1.82, and pH value = 8-9.3 was obtained by Aldrich company, Germany.…”

“…Nowadays, increasing attention is being given to the use of vegetable oils (VOs) instead of petroleum-based materials in many industrial applications with the aim of reducing environmental impact. [1][2][3] Among various VOs, castor oil (CO) has recently attracted the attention of academic and industrial research because of its availability, biodegradability, renewable, low price, and nontoxicity. [4] CO is a natural, viscous, and nonvolatile oil obtained from the seeds of the CO plant, Ricinus communis.…”

Selective and Sequential Catalytic Chemical Depolymerization and Upcycling of Mixed Plastics

“…26,27 Furthermore, the latter can be used as a starting material in the formation of higher poly(alkyl lactate acrylate)s, acting as viscosity index modifiers in bioderived lubricating oils. 28,29 Decreasing the polarity of the reaction medium by using 1-octanol in the presence of a MgCl 2 singlecatalyst system promoted the simultaneous full depolymerization of BPA-PC with a good yield (78%) as anticipated, demonstrating the importance of the reactant choice for achieving selectivity (Table 3, entry 7).…”

“…Quantitative PLA depolymerization (>99%) was complete within 1 h (Table , entry 6), while both BPA-PC and PET were almost unreacted (only 6% BPA formation). Interestingly, the hexyl lactate product is a natural flavoring molecule found in wine, which can also be employed as an additive in the food industry. , Furthermore, the latter can be used as a starting material in the formation of higher poly­(alkyl lactate acrylate)­s, acting as viscosity index modifiers in bioderived lubricating oils. , Decreasing the polarity of the reaction medium by using 1-octanol in the presence of a MgCl 2 single-catalyst system promoted the simultaneous full depolymerization of BPA-PC with a good yield (78%) as anticipated, demonstrating the importance of the reactant choice for achieving selectivity (Table , entry 7).…”

Influence of scutellaria baicalensis extract on the thermo‐oxidative and composting stability of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)

“…In the last years, biodegradable polymers have attracted much attention due to their unique characteristics that support their potential application in agricultural mulch, 1–4 packaging, 5–11 medicine, 12–17 and other fields 18–25 . Among them, poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) is a promising biodegradable polymer and is widely used in film materials due to its excellent mechanical properties, ductility, toughness, degradation performance, etc 26,27 .…”