“…For example, in the upper right minor quadrant, the 2 nd and 5 th bits are 00 for all four points. Hence, by placing two highest priority parity bits to the 1 st and 4 th positions, if the receiver correctly detects the major quadrant of the received symbol, these two parity bits will be correctly detected [10], [11]. After the reordering process, for the Hybrid 1 scheme, the systematic bits are modulated using S-QAM and , (5) where, d i is the distance from the symbol i to the origin in the constellation diagram, p i is the probability of QAM symbol i, M is the QAM order.…”