Performance of Intermittent Slow Sand Filter Processing Units in Treating Food Court Wastewater

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the performance of modified slow sand filter (SSF) media with blood clam shells (Anadara granosa) and activated carbon to remove turbidity, TSS, TDS, and FOG on the food court wastewater. The concentration of water pollutant parameters processed by SSF was determined based on Indonesia water quality standards, as well as knowing the optimum operational parameters of intermittent slow sand filter with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The research data was processed using the Optimal type (custom) design which consisted of independent factors including the type of filter media, the addition of bacteria to the grease trap pre-treatment unit, and running time, as well as the research response in the form of the effectiveness of removing turbidity, TSS, TDS, and FOG. The reactor was operated intermittently (48 hours) for a maximum of 22 days and the concentration of pollutant parameters was calculated using the Standard Methods. The results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA, p<0.05) in the 2FI model of the study showed that there was a significant effect of all independent factors on the effectiveness of removing all water pollutant parameters. The most optimal operational parameters were achieved with the type of activated carbon media, the addition of Bacillus sp. in the grease trap pre-treatment unit in the amount of as much as 1%, and the detention time of 4 days, with the effectiveness of removing turbidity reaching 39.53%; TSS 45.25%; TDS 19.30%; FOG 61.35%.

Performance of a modified and intermittently operated slow sand filter with two different mediums in removing turbidity, ammonia, and phosphate with varying acclimatization periods

“…This operational procedure facilitated the removal of pollutants through the designated pollutant removal process. Acclimatization was conducted under two different conditions (acclimatization I for 14 days and acclimatization II for 28 days) based on our previous study for the systems (SC and CC) to reach steady state [ 13 , 19 ]. The system was run for main research for 10 days after each different acclimatization period, with a total restart of the system after each run.…”

“…Intermittent slow sand filter (ISSF) can be, apart from all types of conventional wastewater treatment technologies, an affordable option to improve water quality by treating domestic wastewater before discharge [ [11] , [12] , [13] ]. ISSF is commonly accompanied by a roughing filter (RF) as a pretreatment unit [ 14 ].…”

“…ISSF is commonly accompanied by a roughing filter (RF) as a pretreatment unit [ 14 ]. ISSF does not require chemicals (coagulants) and can be easily used on a domestic scale [ 13 , 15 ]. In addition, it has good removal efficiencies for turbidity, TSS, and coliform [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Biosand Reactors for Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Treatment: Status Quo, Challenges and Opportunities

“…Manuscripts describing treatment of raw water for drinking purposes and treatment of irrigation or household grey water were excluded. It must also be noted that the performance of BSRs may be improved by mixing sand with other substrates [24,25]. However, the intent of this review is to compare results from studies using sand as the primary physical substrate, so the literature describing the use of alternative substrates was largely excluded.…”