Performance of long‐stay schizophrenics after drug withdrawal on matched immediate and delayed recall tasks

Calev, Avraham; Nigal, Doron; Kugelmass, Sol; Weller, Malcolm P. I.; Lerer, Bernard

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00942.x

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, all schizophrenia spectrum patients who had positive symptoms had better immediate than delayed recall performance, as compared with normal controls. This replicates previous findings in schizophrenic patients [11][12][13], but it also adds some important information. Firstly, the present schizophrenic patients were not long hospitalized, and thus they differed from the patients reported to have rapid forgetting in the past.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Since previous research [11,12] has shown that raw and arcsintransformed data analyses produce very similar results when using these tasks, raw data were analyzed using analyses of variance, t tests and correlations. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two recall tasks are matched on their means, variances, reliabilities, true score variances and shapes of distribution; their items are matched on their means, variances and form of distribution of item difficulty, on a blue collar normal sample, and then cross-validated on another sample. Blue collar normal subjects consistently show minimal or nonsignificant forgetting on these tasks over a 2-day period [11,12], and both medicated and unmedicated long-term chronic schizophrenic patients (although achieving a higher level of memory performance due to the orienting task) have been found to show poorer delayed than immediate recall [11,12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one of these experiments, mildly disturbed (not hospitalized, short duration of illness) patients were also included, and they did not show statistically significant forgetting. The finding of rapid forgetting was repeated in nonmedicated long-term schizophrenic patients [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immediate and Delayed Memory Performance in Schizophrenia Spectrum Patients: Use of Matched Tasks

Calev

2001

Psychopathology

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Rapid forgetting has been observed in long-term schizophrenic patients in the past. In this study, the rate of forgetting was assessed in short-term schizophrenic, schizophreniform and schizoaffective patients who had positive symptoms in the past, and in schizophreniform patients who never had positive symptoms. Four groups of patients representing these distinctions and a group of normal controls were assessed using immediate and delayed recall tasks, while controlling for effects of discriminating power of tasks, using matched-task methodology. The results showed that all schizophrenia spectrum patients with positive symptoms showed rapid forgetting as compared to schizophreniform patients with negative symptoms and normal controls. It is concluded that better immediate than delayed recall characterizes schizophrenia spectrum patients who have had positive symptoms. However, schizophrenia spectrum patients with negative symptoms may be qualitatively different from patients with positive symptoms in showing a slower rate of forgetting. The results support the hypothesis that there is at least one and possibly two brain dysfunctions affecting memory in schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immediate and Delayed Memory Performance in Schizophrenia Spectrum Patients: Use of Matched Tasks

Calev

2001

Psychopathology

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“…4, 5], and unlike shortstay patients show evidence of retention diffi culty, i.e. they show rapid forgetting [6,7], Dr. Avraham Calev …”

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confidence: 99%

Affect and Memory in Schizophrenia: Negative Emotion Words Are Forgotten Less Rapidly than Other Words by Long-Hospitalized Schizophrenics

Calev

Edelist²

1993

Psychopathology

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of emotion on the rate of forgetting by long-hospitalized schizophrenics. Neutral, positive and negative emotion word lists were read by long-hospitalized schizophrenic and normal control subjects. Subjects were tested for recall immediately and after a delay of about 48 h. The results showed that long-hospitalized schizophrenics: (1) remembered less information; (2) forgot rapidly over time and (3) the negative emotion list was forgotten less rapidly by schizophrenics than the positive emotion list. These findings cannot be explained by differences in discriminating power of tasks, primacy and recency effects in recall, drug status, age, sex or intelligence. The conclusions drawn were that long-hospitalized schizophrenics are characterized by the rapid forgetting of verbal materials, and negative emotion materials are forgotten less rapidly by schizophrenics than other materials. Organic and psychological factors may interact in producing these effects in long-stay but not in short-stay patients.

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Neuroleptic Withdrawal in Schizophrenic Patients

Gilbert

Harris²,

McAdams³

et al. 1995

Arch Gen Psychiatry

422

184

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In the treatment of chronic schizophrenia, there are risks associated with both neuroleptic maintenance (eg, tardive dyskinesia) and neuroleptic withdrawal (eg, psychotic exacerbation or relapse). We reviewed 66 studies on neuroleptic withdrawal involving 4365 patients with schizophrenia. The mean cumulative relapse rate was 53% in patients withdrawn from neuroleptic therapy and 16% in those maintained on neuroleptic therapy over a mean follow-up period of 9.7 months. The relapse rate was positively associated with length of follow-up. Predictors of relapse reported in individual studies included younger age, higher baseline neuroleptic dosage, and shorter length of hospitalization. Adverse effects of neuroleptic withdrawal other than relapse were usually mild and transient. The risk-benefit ratio of neuroleptic maintenance vs withdrawal should be assessed carefully in individual patients. A slow taper to the lowest effective dosage may be the preferred strategy in many patients.From the

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Performance of long‐stay schizophrenics after drug withdrawal on matched immediate and delayed recall tasks

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Immediate and Delayed Memory Performance in Schizophrenia Spectrum Patients: Use of Matched Tasks

Immediate and Delayed Memory Performance in Schizophrenia Spectrum Patients: Use of Matched Tasks

Affect and Memory in Schizophrenia: Negative Emotion Words Are Forgotten Less Rapidly than Other Words by Long-Hospitalized Schizophrenics

Neuroleptic Withdrawal in Schizophrenic Patients

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