Performance of Metallic Fuels and Blankets in Liquid-Metal Fast Breeder Reactors

Walters, L.C.; Seidel, B. R.; Kittel, J.H.

doi:10.13182/nt84-a33408

Cited by 110 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For this study, the Mk-V electrorefiner system was chosen for evaluation due to the absence of the cadmium pool, a fuel clad material (304SS) that matches the anode-cathode module (ACM), and data on the composition of the unirradiated or cold blanket fuel [11]. Since cadmium has some solubility for the transition metals [10], it could be an additional source of transition metals if included in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although other sources are conceivable, such as auxiliary process and in-cell handling equipment, they are considered negligible in their contribution as impurities to the uranium products. Iron, nickel, and manganese were detected as impurities in the cold fuel [11]. Molybdenum is the only in-reactor transition metal generated in significant quantities as a fission product and is also listed in the blanket fuel column.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of 2.25Cr‐1Mo Alloy for Containment of LiCl/KCl Eutectic during the Pyrometallurgical Processing of Used Nuclear Fuel

Westphal¹,

Li²,

Fredrickson³

et al. 2011

EPD Congress 2011

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Recovery of uranium from the Mk-IV and Mk-V electrorefiner vessels containing a LiCl/KCl eutectic salt has been on-going during the pyrometallurgical processing of used nuclear fuel for 14 and 12 years, respectively. Although austenitic stainless steels are typically utilized for LiCl/KCl salt systems, the presence of cadmium in the Mk-IV electrorefiner dictates an alternate material. A 2.25Cr-1Mo alloy (ASME SA-387) was chosen due to the absence of nickel in the alloy which has a considerable solubility in cadmium. Using the transition metal impurities (iron, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and manganese) in the electrorefined uranium products, an algorithm was developed to derive values for the contribution of the transition metals from the various input sources. Weight loss and corrosion rate data for the Mk-V electrorefiner vessel were then generated based on the transition metal impurities in the uranium products. To date, the corrosion rate of the 2.25Cr-1Mo alloy in LiCl/KCl eutectic is "outstanding" assuming uniform (i.e. non-localized) conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 2.25Cr‐1Mo Alloy for Containment of LiCl/KCl Eutectic during the Pyrometallurgical Processing of Used Nuclear Fuel

Westphal¹,

Li²,

Fredrickson³

et al. 2011

EPD Congress 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Metal fuel was selected for fueling many of the first reactors in the U.S., including the plutonium production reactors operated at Hanford, the Experimental Breeder Reactor (EBR)-I and EBR-II in Idaho, the Fermi-I power reactor in Michigan, and the Dounreay Fast Reactor (DFR) in the U.K. 16,17 Metallic U-Pu-Zr alloys were the reference fuel for the U.S. Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) program. 18,19 Metallic U-Pu-Zr alloys were the reference fuel for the U.S. IFR program, and an extensive database on the performance of advanced metal fuels was generated from this program.…”

Section: Metal Fast Reactor Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,19 Metallic U-Pu-Zr alloys were the reference fuel for the U.S. IFR program, and an extensive database on the performance of advanced metal fuels was generated from this program. These data include the remote fabrication and irradiation in EBR-II of approximately 35,000 Mark-I driver fuel rods from 1964 to 1969, 20 over 30,000 Mark-II driver fuel rods, 21,22 13,000 Mark-III/IIIA/IV (U-10Zr alloy) driver fuel rods, and over 600 U-Pu-Zr fuel rods.…”

Section: Metal Fast Reactor Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Transmutation Fuel Studies

Carmack¹,

Pasamehmetoglu²

2008

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SUMMARYThe technology demonstration element of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) program is aimed at demonstrating the closure of the fuel cycle by destroying the transuranic (TRU) elements separated from spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Multiple recycle through fast reactors is used for burning the TRU initially separated from light-water reactor (LWR) spent nuclear fuel. For the initial technology demonstration, the preferred option to demonstrate the closed fuel cycle destruction of TRU materials is a sodium-cooled fast reactor (FR) used as burner reactor. The sodium-cooled fast reactor represents the most mature sodium reactor technology available today. This report provides a review of the current state of development of fuel systems relevant to the sodium-cooled fast reactor. This report also provides a review of research and development of TRU-metal alloy and TRU-oxide composition fuels. Experiments providing data supporting the understanding of minor actinide (MA)-bearing fuel systems are summarized and referenced.

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“…Reactor (DFR) in the United Kingdom [4,5]. Metallic U-Pu-Zr alloys were the reference fuel for the United States Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) program [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and Burnup Correlated FCCI in U-10Zr Metallic Fuel

Carmack¹

2012

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Metallic fuels are proposed for use in advanced sodium cooled fast reactors and provide a number of advantages over other fuel types considering their fabricability, performance, recyclability, and safety. Resistance to cladding "breach" and subsequent release of fission products and fuel constituents to the nuclear power plant primary coolant system is a key performance parameter for a nuclear fuel system. In metallic fuel, FCCI weakens the cladding, especially at high power-high temperature operation, contributing to This work would not be possible had it not been for the many scientists and engineers responsible for metallic fuel development initiated in the EBR-II and FFTF reactors. These experiments are an invaluable national resource, some of which we are only now beginning to be analyzed. Many of the people responsible have passed on or have retired but their legacy and contributions will be remembered.

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Performance of Metallic Fuels and Blankets in Liquid-Metal Fast Breeder Reactors

Cited by 110 publications

References 51 publications

Evaluation of 2.25Cr‐1Mo Alloy for Containment of LiCl/KCl Eutectic during the Pyrometallurgical Processing of Used Nuclear Fuel

Evaluation of 2.25Cr‐1Mo Alloy for Containment of LiCl/KCl Eutectic during the Pyrometallurgical Processing of Used Nuclear Fuel

Review of Transmutation Fuel Studies

Temperature and Burnup Correlated FCCI in U-10Zr Metallic Fuel

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