Performance of Multilayer Coated and Cryo-Treated Uncoated Tools in Machining of AISI H13 Tool Steel—Part 1: Tungsten Carbide End Mills

Çıçek, Adem; Kıvak, Turgay; Eki̇ci̇, Ergün; Kara, Fuat; Uçak, Necati

doi:10.1007/s11665-021-05656-w

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Previously published literature has reported that the tool life was improved by 44-126% [8] and demonstrated 39-68% [9] improvements in wear rate on D6 tool steel after DCT. Çiçek et al [10,11] have investigated the performance of tungsten carbide end mills in the machining of AISI H13 hot work tool steel under dry and wet conditions. They found that the cryogenic treatment was also effective in decreasing resultant cutting force (Fc) and average surface roughness (Ra) as well as the tool life was improved by 126.1%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Çiçek et al. [10,11] have investigated the performance of tungsten carbide end mills in the machining of AISI H13 hot work tool steel under dry and wet conditions. They found that the cryogenic treatment was also effective in decreasing resultant cutting force (Fc) and average surface roughness (Ra) as well as the tool life was improved by 126.1%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbides precipitation and kinetics of H13 steel subjected to deep cryogenic treatment

Guo

et al. 2022

Materials Science and Technology

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The influence of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on carbides precipitation and isothermal softening behaviour as a function of both temperature and time during tempering of H13 steel was investigated. The results show that the retained austenite transformed into martensite leading to an increase in hardness. The carbon content of martensite decreased after DCT and tempering according to the calculation of the X-ray diffraction spectrum. This indicates that more fine carbides precipitated from the martensitic matrix after DCT. The morphology of microstructure and distribution of carbides have verified the properties improvement mainly depending on the retained austenite transformation and more fine carbides precipitated after tempering. In addition, the carbides precipitating and coarsening are the main causes of thermal softening.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbides precipitation and kinetics of H13 steel subjected to deep cryogenic treatment

Guo

et al. 2022

Materials Science and Technology

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“…In recent years, researchers have investigated the effect of retention time for different kinds of cryogenic treatment that is applied on the cutting tools. [39][40][41][42][43][44] However, the number of studies that applied cryogenic treatment on the workpiece material is limited. [45][46][47][48] Kara et al 45 evaluated the effect of different kinds of heat and cryogenic treatments on tool wear and surface roughness in hard turning of AISI D2 steel using ceramic inserts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, researchers have investigated the effect of retention time for different kinds of cryogenic treatment that is applied on the cutting tools. 39–44 However, the number of studies that applied cryogenic treatment on the workpiece material is limited. 45–48…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of shallow cryogenic treatment on surface characteristics and machinability factors in hard turning of AISI 4140 steel

Rafighi

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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Hardened AISI 4140 steel is widely used in automotive industries due to its high strength, high hardness, and good formability. It can be subjected to cryogenic treatments to increase wear resistance, increase the toughness and decrease the residual stress. Although many studies have been performed related to the machinability of AISI 4140 steel, the number of studies that considered four responses simultaneously are limited. In this study, the effects of cutting speeds, feed rates, and depths of cut on the vibration, motor current, machining noise, and surface roughness were investigated in turning hardened AISI 4140 steel using coated carbide insert under dry cutting conditions. Besides, the attempt was made to predict surface roughness based on machining noise, motor current, and chuck vibration during the turning process. Analysis of variance and response surface methods were carried out to analyze the experimental results and the prediction models were developed. The machining test revealed that the most effective parameter on the surface roughness value was the feed rate with a 96.07% contribution. The depth of cut and the feed rate affected vibration with 57.61% and 26.44% contribution, respectively. The machining noise was dominantly affected by the depth of cut with 76.15% contribution, it was followed by feed rate with 17.67% contribution. However, feed rate and depth of cut significantly affect motor current with 54.53% and 36.64% contribution, respectively. The graphical analysis of the effect of vibration, motor current, and machining noise on the surface roughness was presented. Based on the results, there is a direct relationship between machining noise, vibration, and motor current with surface roughness. As the level of the aforementioned responses increases the quality of the machined surface deteriorates.

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“…22,25 Cryogenic treated Cu electrode was used successfully by Sundaram et al 25 for machining Be-Cu alloy, Srivastava and Pandey 26 for machining M2 grade HSS, Mathai et al 22 for machining stainless steel (SS 304), Vinoth Kumar and Pradeep Kumar 27 for machining SiC/Al MMC, Hui et al 23 for machining Ti–6Al–4 V alloy, Grewal and Dhiman 28 for machining EN24 steel, and many more. Also, investigation of machining steels in cryogenic environment 29 or with cryogenic treated tools 30,31 or machining of cryogenic treated steels 32 has been explored adequately in open literature. However, EDM of MMCs with cryogenically treated Cu electrode tools has not been explored significantly, and therefore it needs more systematic investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machinability of squeeze cast (TiB₂+CNT)/Al 7075 metal matrix nano-composite during EDM with untreated and cryogenic treated Cu electrodes: A comparative study

Pradhan

Das

Sahoo

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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This paper accentuates investigation of machining responses and surface integrity of (TiB2+CNT) reinforced Al 7075 metal matrix nano-composite intended for aerospace and automotive applications, which was processed through modified liquid metallurgy squeeze casting route. Microstructure of the developed composite was investigated through scanning electron microscopy, elemental distribution was identified through Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and mechanical properties were determined following recommended ASTM standards. However, focus was emphasized on exploration of the influence of peak current ( IP), pulse-on time ( TON), and gap voltage ( VG) on material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), and surface integrity during electrical discharge machining of the hybrid nano-composite with untreated and cryogenic treated Cu tools. MRR, TWR, and average roughness ( Ra) of the machined surfaces showed distinctive pattern in their variations when the machining parameters were changed; however, hardness of the machined surfaces did not show any specific trend with respect to the increase of the considered parameters. Cryogenic treated Cu tools outperformed the untreated tools, as perceived from the experimental results. For instance, while machining at TON = 100 µs, VG = 55 V, and IP = 10 A, maximum MRR for untreated tools was 27.43 mm3/min, and that for cryogenic treated tool was 29.12 mm3/min, leading to an improvement of about 5.8%. But at VG = 55V, IP = 4 A, and TON = 300 µs, maximum MRR for untreated tools was 16.71 mm3/min, and that for cryogenic treated tool was 18.22 mm3/min, leading to an improvement of about 8.3%. Similarly, at IP = 4A and TON = 100 µs and VG = 75V, maximum MRR for untreated tools was 14.88 mm3/min, and that for cryogenic treated tool was 22.7 mm3/min, leading to an improvement of about 34.4%. Similar outperformed results for cryogenic treated tools were also achieved while analyzing the experimental results of TWR, surface hardness and Ra. Finally, surface defects were analyzed through SEM at the disparate parametric combinations.

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Performance of Multilayer Coated and Cryo-Treated Uncoated Tools in Machining of AISI H13 Tool Steel—Part 1: Tungsten Carbide End Mills

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Carbides precipitation and kinetics of H13 steel subjected to deep cryogenic treatment

Carbides precipitation and kinetics of H13 steel subjected to deep cryogenic treatment

Effects of shallow cryogenic treatment on surface characteristics and machinability factors in hard turning of AISI 4140 steel

Machinability of squeeze cast (TiB₂+CNT)/Al 7075 metal matrix nano-composite during EDM with untreated and cryogenic treated Cu electrodes: A comparative study

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Performance of Multilayer Coated and Cryo-Treated Uncoated Tools in Machining of AISI H13 Tool Steel—Part 1: Tungsten Carbide End Mills

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Carbides precipitation and kinetics of H13 steel subjected to deep cryogenic treatment

Carbides precipitation and kinetics of H13 steel subjected to deep cryogenic treatment

Effects of shallow cryogenic treatment on surface characteristics and machinability factors in hard turning of AISI 4140 steel

Machinability of squeeze cast (TiB2+CNT)/Al 7075 metal matrix nano-composite during EDM with untreated and cryogenic treated Cu electrodes: A comparative study

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Machinability of squeeze cast (TiB₂+CNT)/Al 7075 metal matrix nano-composite during EDM with untreated and cryogenic treated Cu electrodes: A comparative study