Performance of Multiple-Injection Dry Low-NOx Combustors on Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Fuel in an IGCC Pilot Plant

Asai, Tomohiro; Dodo, Satoschi; Karishuku, Mitsuhiro; Yagi, Nobuo; Akiyama, Yasuhiro; Hayashi, Akifumi

doi:10.1115/1.4029614

Cited by 52 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Yoshimura et al [65] indicated that multipoint technology not only has the capacity of NOx reduction but also prevents flashbacks, hence hydrogen addition can be done in this concept. This is also confirmed from other research studies such as York et al [66], Asai [67] and Marek et al [68]. In the present study, though the injector design is generic and has a wide range of applications, its main purpose is for the applications where the required pressure drop across the atomizer is low.…”

Section: Lean Direct Injection (Ldi) Combustorsupporting

confidence: 89%

Characterization of a Novel Porous Injector for Multi-Lean Direct Injection (M-LDI) Combustor

Bhayaraju

Jeng

2017

Volume 4A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions

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A generic novel injector was designed for multi-Lean Direct Injection (M-LDI) combustors. One of the drawbacks of the conventional pressure swirl and prefilming type airblast atomizers is the difficulty of obtaining a uniform symmetric spray under all operating conditions. Micro-channels are needed inside the injector for uniformly distributing the fuel. The problem of non-uniformity is magnified in smaller sized injectors. The non-uniform liquid sheet causes local fuel rich/lean zones leading to higher NOx emissions. To overcome these problems, a novel fuel injector was designed to improve the fuel delivery to the injector by using a porous stainless steel material with 30 μm porosity. The porous tube also acts as a prefilming surface. Liquid and gaseous fuels can be injected through the injector. In the present study, gaseous fuel was injected to investigate injector fuel-air mixing performance. The gaseous fuel was injected through a porous tube between two radial-radial swirling air streams to facilitate fuel-air mixing. The advantage of this injector is that it increases the contact surface area between the fuel-air at the fuel injection point. The increased contact area enhances fuel-air mixing. Fuel-air mixing and combustion studies were carried out for both gaseous and liquid fuel. Flame visualization, and emissions measurements were carried out inside the exit of the combustor. The measurements were carried out at atmospheric conditions under fuel lean conditions. Natural gas was used as a fuel in these experiments. Fuel-air mixing studies were carried out at different equivalence ratios with and without confinement. The mass fraction distributions were measured at different downstream locations from the injector exit. Flame characterization was carried out by chemiluminescence at different equivalence ratios and inlet air temperatures. Symmetry of the flame, flame length and heat release distribution were analyzed from the flame images. The effects of inlet air temperature and combustion flame temperature on emissions was studied. Emissions were corrected to 15% O2 concentration. NOx emissions increase with inlet air temperature and flame temperature. Effect of flame temperature on NOx concentration is more significant than effect of inlet air temperature. Fuel-air mixing profile was used to obtain mass fraction Probability Density Function (pdf). The pdfs were used for simulations in Chemkin Pro. The measured emissions concentrations at the exit of the injector was compared with simulations. In Chemkin model, a network model with several PSRs (perfectly stirred reactor) were utilized, followed by a mixer and a PFR (plug flow reactor). The comparison between the simulations and the experimental results was investigated.

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Section: Lean Direct Injection (Ldi) Combustorsupporting

confidence: 89%

Characterization of a Novel Porous Injector for Multi-Lean Direct Injection (M-LDI) Combustor

Bhayaraju

Jeng

2017

Volume 4A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions

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“…[213][214][215] The MM technology is based on the concept of mixing of fuel and oxidizer at the microscale. [213][214][215] The MM technology is based on the concept of mixing of fuel and oxidizer at the microscale.…”

Section: Combustion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MM burners are a successful emerging LPM combustion technology that is already implemented on the utility scale (eg, General Electric's F-class gas turbines). [213][214][215] The MM technology is based on the concept of mixing of fuel and oxidizer at the microscale. A MM consists of a two-dimensional array of straight, parallel, equallyspaced tubes (each of a diameter of few millimeters) welded to two faceplates; one forms the inlet section of the burner, while the other forms the exit section.…”

Section: Combustion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers in combustion techniques and burner designs for emissions control and CO₂capture: A review

et al. 2019

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Summary The use of fossil fuel is expected to increase significantly by midcentury because of the large rise in the world energy demand despite the effective integration of renewable energies in the energy production sector. This increase, alongside with the development of stricter emission regulations, forced the manufacturers of combustion systems, especially gas turbines, to develop novel combustion techniques for the control of NOx and CO2 emissions, the latter being a greenhouse gas responsible for more than 60% to the global warming problem. The present review addresses different burner designs and combustion techniques for clean power production in gas turbines. Combustion and emission characteristics, flame instabilities, and solution techniques are presented, such as lean premixed air‐fuel (LPM) and premixed oxy‐fuel combustion techniques, and the combustor performance is compared for both cases. The fuel flexibility approach is also reviewed, as one of the combustion techniques for controlling emissions and reducing flame instabilities, focusing on the hydrogen‐enrichment and the integrated fuel‐flexible premixed oxy‐combustion approaches. State‐of‐the‐art burner designs for gas turbine combustion applications are reviewed in this study, including stagnation point reverse flow (SPRF) burner, dry low NOx (DLN) and dry low‐emission (DLE) burners, EnVironmental burners (including EV, AEV, and SEV burners), perforated plate (PP) burner, and micromixer (MM) burner. Special emphasis is made on the MM combustor technology, as one of the most recent advances in gas turbines for stable premixed flame operation with wide turndown and effective control of NOx emissions. Since the generation of pure oxygen is prerequisite to oxy‐combustion, oxygen‐separation membranes became of immense importance either for air separation for clean oxy‐combustion applications or for conversion/splitting of the effluent CO2 into useful chemical and energy products. The different carbon‐capture technologies, along with the most recent carbon‐utilization approaches towards CO2 emissions control, are also reviewed.

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“…One opportunity to retrieve the energy is the direct combustion of the H 2 . Several projects on the combustion of hydrogen-rich fuels were initiated in the last years in industry [4][5][6][7][8][9]. However, these technologies still produce NO x and CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat transfer measurements in a hydrogen-oxyfuel combustor

Tanneberger

Stathopoulos

2020

Experimental Heat Transfer

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In the context of emission-free electricity generation, the authors developed a novel hydrogen-oxygen combustor, which is based on swirl-stabilized combustion technology and steam dilution. Following previous burner characterization, the current study investigates the heat transfer conditions in the combustion chamber wall. To this end, a carefully controlled co-flow of air is used to cool the combustion chamber in an annular duct, which surrounds it. Temperature measurements enable the evaluation of the heat flux from the combustor flow to the walls, local wall temperatures, and the Nusselt numbers on the hot and the cold side. The extremely high wall temperatures, caused by the H2/O2 flame, can be reduced by steam dilution down to approximately 900 K. Even better cooling could be reached by using the dilution steam as the coolant before it flows to the plenum. The Nusselt numbers at the inner combustion chamber wall are in the order of 10 − 50 and increase with the thermal power and the steam dilution ratio.

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Performance of Multiple-Injection Dry Low-NOx Combustors on Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Fuel in an IGCC Pilot Plant

Cited by 52 publications

References 3 publications

Characterization of a Novel Porous Injector for Multi-Lean Direct Injection (M-LDI) Combustor

Characterization of a Novel Porous Injector for Multi-Lean Direct Injection (M-LDI) Combustor

Frontiers in combustion techniques and burner designs for emissions control and CO₂capture: A review

Heat transfer measurements in a hydrogen-oxyfuel combustor

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Performance of Multiple-Injection Dry Low-NOx Combustors on Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Fuel in an IGCC Pilot Plant

Cited by 52 publications

References 3 publications

Characterization of a Novel Porous Injector for Multi-Lean Direct Injection (M-LDI) Combustor

Characterization of a Novel Porous Injector for Multi-Lean Direct Injection (M-LDI) Combustor

Frontiers in combustion techniques and burner designs for emissions control and CO2capture: A review

Heat transfer measurements in a hydrogen-oxyfuel combustor

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Product

Resources

About

Frontiers in combustion techniques and burner designs for emissions control and CO₂capture: A review