Performance of naphthalene thermosyphons with non-condensable gases – Theoretical study and comparison with data

Operating Characteristics of Naphthalene Heat Pipes

“…The vapour pressure at high temperatures is relatively low as compared to water which allows the operating temperature to go beyond the maximum operating temperature of water. Experimental work has been undertaken on naphthalene heat pipes testing for performance, container compatibilities and performance degradation over time (Kniess et al, 2007;Kimura et al, 1994;Mantelli et al, 2010;Vasil'ev et al, 1988;Anderson, 2007). Naphthalene heat pipes have been proposed for use in high temperature heat storage applications (Robak et al, 2011;Khalifa et al, 2015;Khalifa et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2015).…”

Mini-channel flow condensation enhancement through hydrophobicity in the presence of noncondensable gas

“…Noncondensables, such as air, gather at the liquid-vapor interface and impede condensation heat transfer; in many cases, the thermal resistance across the air becomes the dominant thermal resistance [1][2][3][4]. Condensation in the presence of noncondensables is found in many industrial systems, such as thermal desalination units [5], thermosiphons [6], containment systems in nuclear power plants [7], and air-cooled condensers [8]. Further understanding and mitigation of the effects of noncondensable gases on condensation is required.…”

Review of vapor condensation heat and mass transfer in the presence of non-condensable gas

“…In some rare situations, such as the main evaporator of nuclear reactors, the accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen will cause an explosion [9,10]. Therefore, the influences of NCG on the thermal performance and accumulation performance are very important factors to be considered in the design of heat exchangers [11].…”

“…The main reasons are if the heat pipe contains vacuum residuals, gasses or impurities dissolved in the working fluid, or a chemical reaction between the working fluid and case material [11,12]. Therefore, the presence of NCG in heat pipes is very common, especially in large industrial heat pipes.…”

“…The researchers make a complex numerical calculation of differential equations iteratively to obtain a good-precision numerical solution. On the other hand, people have begun to use sophisticated physical models to carry out experiments and model research on condensation heat transfer, such as the flat loop heat pipe [28], the oscillating heat pipe [29,30], the special working fluid heat pipe [11], and the micro heat pipe [31].…”