Performance of phosphonates as copper(II) ions stabilization agents for industrial water systems

Abstract

Copper(II) salts have long been used to kill algae in water systems, but they can precipitate as insoluble salts and form deposits on equipment surface. It is important to remove toxic metal from industrial waste because of contamination and toxicity issues. This paper discusses the testing and effects of various phosphonates to control copper-based fouling in the industrial water systems. It has been found that Cu(II) ions stabilization (complexation, precipitation, dispersion, etc.) strongly depends on solution pH, reaction time, and phosphonate concentration. Results on the evaluation of various phosphonates suggest the following order, in terms of decreasing effectiveness: HEDP ≈ HPA > PAPEMP > AMP >> PBTC.

Controlling copper-based fouling by maleic acid and acrylic acid based copolymers in cooling water systems

“…Results of these studies show that CMI polymers exhibit poor performance compared to synthetic polymers. Amjad [17], in another study on the evaluation of phosphonates as Cu(II) stabilization agents showed that performance of phosphonates strongly depends on the concentration of phosphonate in solution and the phosphonate architecture.…”