“…In combination with these photocatalysts, stearate manganese was used as a prooxidant to catalyze the conversion of the peroxide groups into the polar groups in the second step of the aforementioned mechanisms. Based on our knowledge, only Fa et al recently studied the photodegradation of the polyethylene using both the photocatalyst (TiO 2 ) and prooxidant (ferric stearate) and showed that the photo‐irradiated films could be degraded completely . Therefore it is expected that the low band gap photocatalysts which were used in this study have higher efficiency in the photodegradation of the polyethylene films than their results.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 66%
“…Based on our knowledge, only Fa et al recently studied the photodegradation of the polyethylene using both the photocatalyst (TiO 2 ) and prooxidant (ferric stearate) and showed that the photo-irradiated films could be degraded completely. [39] Therefore it is expected that the low band gap photocatalysts which were used in this study have higher efficiency in the photodegradation of the polyethylene films than their results. In this work, the effects of the photocatalysts and prooxidant on the photodegradation of LDPE films were assessed by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests.…”
Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composite films with trisilver phosphate (Ag3PO4) and cadmium selenide (CdSe) particles as photocatalysts and manganese stearate as prooxidant were prepared. The film samples were irradiated under UV and visible light and their photodegradation were evaluated using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The carbonyl index of the photocatalyst containing samples was very higher than the pure irradiated LDPE and even prooxidant containing film. The morphologies of the irradiated composite films were completely changed and had many cavities and cracks. The thermal stability of the composites was very lower than the pure polyethylene. However the crystallinity of the LDPE films with photocatalysts was enhanced contrarily the LDPE film with manganese stearate. Generally the results showed that the combination of the prooxidant with photocatalyst have synergistic effect on the photodegradation of the LDPE and can be used to accelerate the degradation of the polyethylene films.
“…In combination with these photocatalysts, stearate manganese was used as a prooxidant to catalyze the conversion of the peroxide groups into the polar groups in the second step of the aforementioned mechanisms. Based on our knowledge, only Fa et al recently studied the photodegradation of the polyethylene using both the photocatalyst (TiO 2 ) and prooxidant (ferric stearate) and showed that the photo‐irradiated films could be degraded completely . Therefore it is expected that the low band gap photocatalysts which were used in this study have higher efficiency in the photodegradation of the polyethylene films than their results.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 66%
“…Based on our knowledge, only Fa et al recently studied the photodegradation of the polyethylene using both the photocatalyst (TiO 2 ) and prooxidant (ferric stearate) and showed that the photo-irradiated films could be degraded completely. [39] Therefore it is expected that the low band gap photocatalysts which were used in this study have higher efficiency in the photodegradation of the polyethylene films than their results. In this work, the effects of the photocatalysts and prooxidant on the photodegradation of LDPE films were assessed by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests.…”
Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composite films with trisilver phosphate (Ag3PO4) and cadmium selenide (CdSe) particles as photocatalysts and manganese stearate as prooxidant were prepared. The film samples were irradiated under UV and visible light and their photodegradation were evaluated using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The carbonyl index of the photocatalyst containing samples was very higher than the pure irradiated LDPE and even prooxidant containing film. The morphologies of the irradiated composite films were completely changed and had many cavities and cracks. The thermal stability of the composites was very lower than the pure polyethylene. However the crystallinity of the LDPE films with photocatalysts was enhanced contrarily the LDPE film with manganese stearate. Generally the results showed that the combination of the prooxidant with photocatalyst have synergistic effect on the photodegradation of the LDPE and can be used to accelerate the degradation of the polyethylene films.
“…FTIR bands that appear in wavenumbers around 1700 cm −1 are attributed to the presence of carbonyl groups (C=O) in organic compounds. 35 Since polyethylene must not have intrinsic carbonyl groups in their polymeric chains, the formation of this structure is related to the polymer oxidation as a degradation effect caused by the accelerated aging.Figure 11.FTIR spectra of the LDPE-w in different aging times.…”
The use of natural fibers (NF) as reinforcement in polymer composites have been an interesting option to improve their mechanical properties and to decrease production costs since several crops can produce large amounts of NF with low cost. This is particularly attractive for polymer waste recycling that depends of the production of cheap materials to be economically viable. Elephant grass ( Pennisetum purpureum schum) is a tropical climate plant of fast growth with high potential for production of NF. However, studies on the use of P. purpureum fibers as reinforcement in polymers, mainly for recycled polymers, have been restricted. The aims of this study was to evaluate the action of the P. purpureum fibers on the properties of composites using matrix of low-density polyethylene waste (LDPE-w) as well as to verify the behavior of recycled polymer when submitted to the accelerated photochemical aging using UVA radiation. LDPE-w and LDPE-w composite with P. purpureum fibers (LDPE-composite) were analyzed at different aging times by tensile and impact tests, melt flow rate, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared. It was verified that P. purpureum fibers induce defects in matrix of LDPE-w, decreasing the performance of mechanical properties. Similar effect also occurs when LDPE-w is submitted to the first hours of accelerated aging. On the other hand, effects of stabilization of the degradation on the polymer matrix can be attributed to the P. purpureum fibers at high aging times. Thus, P. purpureum presents high potential for use as reinforcement in recycled thermoplastic waste.
“…Reactive oxygen species generated on the surface of TiO 2 or TiO 2 /CuPc particles are responsible for enhanced degradation of PE. Recently, Fa et al [31] synthesized TiO 2 -FeSt 3 ferric stearate-polyethylene (TFPE) composite film and studied photo-degradation by treating UV irradiation for 240 h and/or thermo-degradation at 70 °C for 30 d. FTIR spectroscopy confirms the formation of carbonyl and hydroxyl group which assist in biodegradation of PE films. The tensile strength and elongation at break of TFPE film reduced to 60% and 97.7%, respectively [31].…”
Section: Photo-catalysis Using Titanium Dioxide (Tio 2 )mentioning
Plastic waste management and recycling became a serious global issue as it affects living beings from all the ecosystems. Researchers investigated biodegradation of polyethylene (PE) by measuring changes in various physico-chemical and structural characteristics using techniques like as fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), etc. However, these evidences are not enough to prove the exact biodegradation of PE. In this review, we summarized microbial biodegradation of polyethylene and discussed recent developments for the candidate microbial enzymes and their possible roles in PE degradation. In addition, we conversed the advanced technologies correctly used for measuring PE degradation using isotope-labeled PE to figure out its metabolism into the end products like as 13CO2.
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