“…Previous empirical studies of production have applied either a linear functional form of the independent variables (e.g. Chen, McCarl and Schimmelpfennig [ 50 ], Arshad, et al [ 55 ], Mahmood, et al [ 56 ]) or a non-linear form (e.g., Horowitz [ 57 ], Sarker, Alam and Gow [ 54 ], Sarker, Alam and Gow [ 11 ], Isik and Devadoss [ 58 ]). Hence, in this study, the Just-Pope approaches with both linear and nonlinear (i.e.…”