Performance of Slow‐Release Formulations of Alachlor

Undabeytia, Tomás; Sopeña, Fátima; Sánchez-Verdejo, Trinidad; Villaverde, Jaime; Nir, Shlomo; Morillo, E.; Maqueda, C.

doi:10.2136/sssaj2009.0133

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…With the development of these new formulations, active substance content can reach high values, and in some cases, very close to those of the commercial products [11,16]. In a variant of these formulations, quaternary ammonium surfactants that form vesicles and micelles involution have been replaced by the natural surfactant phosphatidylcholine (PC) [14,18,19,20]. The advantage of these formulations is that the adjuvants used (PC and clay) are nontoxic, indicated by the EPA as approved substances of minimal toxicological risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of controlled release formulations of diuron and alachlor herbicides on the biochemical activity of agricultural soils

Tejada

Morillo

Gómez

et al. 2017

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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The use of pesticides in agriculture is essential because it reduces the economic losses caused by pests, improving crop yields. In spite of the growing number of studies concerning the development and application of controlled release formulations (CRFs) of pesticides in agricultural soils, there are no studies about the effects of such formulations on the biochemical properties. In this paper the dissipation of diuron and alachlor in three agricultural soils for 127days, applied either as commercial or CRFs, was determined as well as their concomitant effects on soil biochemical properties. Dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase and phosphatase activities were measured thought the experimental period. The application of alachlor as CRF increases its half-life time in soils, whereas no differences were noticed between diuron formulations due to its slower degradation, which takes longer than its release from the CRF. At the end of the incubation period, the enzymatic activities were the same after the use of diuron either as commercial or CRF, recovering the soil previous status. For alachlor formulations, no differences in enzymatic activities were again observed between both formulations, but their levels in soils were enhanced. Therefore, the use of these CRFs does not adversely affect the soil biochemical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of controlled release formulations of diuron and alachlor herbicides on the biochemical activity of agricultural soils

Tejada

Morillo

Gómez

et al. 2017

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Research on organoclays as sorbents of pesticides has shown the usefulness of these materials both as soil amendments and as pesticide supports, to prolong the efficacy of soil-applied pesticides and to reduce the large transport losses that usually affect pesticides applied in an immediately available form (Carrizosa et al, 2000;El-Nahhal et al, 2001;Trigo et al, 2009;Undabeytia et al, 2010;Gámiz et al, 2010). An alternative approach is the in situ formation of organoclay complexes by direct modification of smectite-rich soil clays through treatment with appropriate organic cations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Soil Clay Modification with Spermine and Its Effect on the Behavior of the Herbicide Fluometuron

Gámiz

Celis

Hermosı́n

et al. 2012

Soil Science Society of America Journal

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Research on organoclays as sorbents of pesticides has shown the usefulness of these materials both as soil amendments and as pesticide supports, to prolong the efficacy and reduce the environmental impact of soil-applied pesticides. Organoclays can also be formed in situ by direct modification of smectiterich soil clays through treatment with appropriate organic cations. In this work, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of the addition to soil of a natural organic cation, spermine, on sorption (batch equilibration procedure), persistence (incubation experiments), and leaching (column experiments) of the herbicide fluometuron. Four soils differing in their clay contents and mineralogy were used. A sevenfold increase in the fluometuron sorption distribution coefficient, K¿, by the presence of spermine was observed for a clay soil rich in smectites (Soil 1), whereas the effect on fluometuron sorption was negligible for a soil with similar clay texture but lacking smectites (Soil 4) and for a loamy sand soil with very low content in smectites (Soil 3). A sandy loam soil (Soil 2) with moderate smectite content had an intermediate behavior. The increase in fluometuron sorption was thus related to the smectite content of the soils, strongly indicating that reaction of spermine with soil smectites formed in situ an organoclay complex with high affinity for fluometuron. The simultaneous application of fluometuron and spermine to the smectite-rich soil retarded the leaching of the herbicide but, at the same time, increased the total amount of fluometuron leached from 25 to 52%. This was attributed to the fact that spermine, apart from increasing sorption, also prolonged the persistence of fluometuron in the smectite-rich soil. In contrast, the presence of spermine had no effect on the leaching pattern of fluometuron in the clay soil lacking smectites. The results indicated that the application of suitable organic cations to smeetitie soils can be a useful strategy to control pesticide retention and persistence in the soil environment.

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“…10 Enhanced leaching of herbicides, primarily those that persist in their anionic form, have long been known to reduce their herbicidal activity in the topsoil. [11][12][13] Likewise, rapid herbicide degradation in the soil, either due to soil physicochemical properties and (or) composition of microbial populations, has been shown to reduce weed control efficiency. [14][15][16] The complex nature of herbicide-soil interactions stimulates an extensive use of computer simulations, using various fate and transport models such as Hydrus-1D, PEARL, MACRO, RZWQM, PRZM-3 and PERSIST, to study the fate of herbicides in soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14][15][16] The complex nature of herbicide-soil interactions stimulates an extensive use of computer simulations, using various fate and transport models such as Hydrus-1D, PEARL, MACRO, RZWQM, PRZM-3 and PERSIST, to study the fate of herbicides in soil. 13,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] The first developed fate models were used mainly to investigate field persistence of pesticides in the top-soil, 24,25 focusing largely on agronomical aspects such as residual activity and efficacy, while in the last four decades, the focus of such studies has been shifted to environmental risk assessment (e.g. groundwater or surface water contamination).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating sulfosulfuron fate in soil under different weather scenarios to support weed management decisions

Paporisch

Laor

Rubin

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Residual herbicides are an important component in many weed control strategies. Their herbicidal activity depends on their fate in soil, with respect to the required concentration for weed control in space and time. In this study, the effect of weather conditions on sulfosulfuron fate in soil, following pre-planting incorporation, and the predicted control efficacy of Egyptian broomrape in tomato, were analyzed for two sites using simulations in Hydrus-1D modeling software. Simulated concentration was compared to measured data from field experiments. RESULTS: Model evaluation against measured data from two fields, with weakly alkaline clay soils, showed high correlations between simulated and measured sulfosulfuron concentrations (r = 0.98 and 0.89). The ratio of measured to simulated concentration was relatively low (1.03) at the top 10-cm layer, in which the mean measured concentration was high (29.6 ng g −1). This ratio was higher (12.5) at the 30-60 cm depth, in which the mean measured concentration was lower (0.3 ng g −1). Simulations of sulfosulfuron fate in each site, using weather data from the years 2009 to 2019, revealed substantial variations in transport patterns. Thirty days after treatment, 16 out of the 22 years simulated for the two sites (11 at each site) resulted in concentrations lower than the critical value for Egyptian broomrape control throughout the soil profile. The data indicates that variation in sulfosulfuron fate is mainly due to differences in the cumulative precipitation. According to simulation results, cumulative precipitation above 20 or 10 mm during the first 10 or 20 days after treatment, respectively, is expected to reduce the efficiency of broomrape control. CONCLUSION: Considering weather effects when planning herbicide application could optimize herbicide use efficiency. A decision-support tool is presented, whose factors are the time gap and precipitation amount between sulfosulfuron application and tomato planting.

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Performance of Slow‐Release Formulations of Alachlor

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of controlled release formulations of diuron and alachlor herbicides on the biochemical activity of agricultural soils

Effect of controlled release formulations of diuron and alachlor herbicides on the biochemical activity of agricultural soils

Soil Clay Modification with Spermine and Its Effect on the Behavior of the Herbicide Fluometuron

Simulating sulfosulfuron fate in soil under different weather scenarios to support weed management decisions

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