Performance of Some Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars under Water Shortage and High Temperature Stress

Abstract

Water shortage and heat are the most devastating abiotic stresses threating global food security. To understand the behavior of germplasm under both abiotic stresses, thirteen rice genotypes were selected for the study to make evaluation under water shortage and heat stress condition. The results showed that the year mean squares were significant and highly significant for all agronomical traits except, flag leaf area, number of tillers plant-1, number of panicles plant-1, 100 grain weight, grain yield plant-1 and harvest index indicated overall wide differences of weather during both years. Environments mean squares were found to be highly significant over all traits were used, indicating that all environments showed significant differences. The highly significant differences were observed among genotypes and G x E interaction for all characteristics except, panicle length. Concerning the cultivars performance across three environments, the cultivars Giza 178, Giza 179, Sakha 107, Hybrid 1, Hybrid 2 gave the best desirable values over normal, drought and heat stress conditions so, these cultivars are considered to play vital role in breeding program to enhancement for drought and heat stresses and have high yield potential. The highly significant and positive correlation were found among the all traits under investigation except with flag leaf angle, leaf rolling and sterility percentage. The results will further help to utilize the genotypes for further crop improvement breeding programs.

Heat Tolerance and Genetic Diversity Analyses of Rice Accessions Using SSR Markers

“…However, seven F 1 hybrids, namely, Sakha105 × Sakha101, Giza177 × Giza178, Giza178 × Sakha105, Sakha105 × Giza179, Giza178 × Sakha105, Giza177 × Sakha105, and Sakha104 × Sakha105, required a short duration under heat stress conditions (Table 4). These results agreed with past findings on breeding for plant heat tolerance at vegetative and reproductive stages (Driedonks et al, 2016;Widyawan et al, 2020;Adriansyah et al, 2021;Mohamed et al, 2021).…”

“…The results concluded that selection procedures based on the accumulation of additive effects would succeed in improving yield-related traits. The prevailing results were in line with previous findings on the impacts of different temperature conditions on yield and physiological properties of rice (Oryza Sativa L.) (Thippeswamy et al, 2016;He et al, 2018;Perdani et al, 2018;Mohamed et al, 2021). *,**: significant at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.…”

“…Therefore, studies associated with the inheritance of heat-stress tolerance are crucial because of its polygenic control compared with the inheritance of drought and salt tolerance in rice (Villegas et al, 2018;Mohamed et al, 2021;Li et al, 2023). However, previous studies reported that, at the flowering stage, heat tolerance has recessive gene control in rice (Howarth, 2005;Fu et al, 2015).…”

A Review: Growing Rice in the Controlled Environments

“…The factors that are required for proper rice cultivation include temperature (higher than 15 degree-Celsius; below this temperature, germination don't occur), rainfall (minimum 115 cm; rice require plenty of water), soil (riverine alluvial soil is best; also cultivated in saline and clayey soil, it requires a large quantity of fertilizers), leveled surface soil and labors availability as rice cultivation requires extreme labor work 38 .…”

Humic acid improves germination, vegetative growth, and yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under salinity stress

“…It also has a relatively short growing season (~125 days) from planting to harvest. Altogether, these traits made Giza 179 one of the highest grain-yielding rice cultivar (~4.2 tons/acre) under continuous submergence conditions (Mohamed et al, 2021;Gaballah et al, 2022). Interestingly, yield trials by rice breeders indicated that Giza 179 exhibits relatively enhanced tolerance against salinity in salt-affected soil (Elmoghazy and Elshenawy, 2018).…”