Performance of TFN nanofiltration membranes through embedding internally modified titanate nanotubes

Comb Copolymer Templates for Interconnected, Hierarchically Porous TiO2 Nanoisland Photocatalytic Membranes

“…To overcome some of the obstacles associated with passive catalytic membrane reactors, active catalytic membranes have been proposed. Extensive research has therefore been performed to improve the treatment efficiency and antifouling capability of active catalytic membranes. − Here, photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) can be embedded as a catalyst on the membrane surface to directly degrade foulants or to catalyze reactions that would effectively degrade foulants . To develop an active catalytic membrane, a hybrid membrane can be coated on a substrate employing techniques such as dipping, electrospinning, atmospheric plasma spraying, or layer-by-layer assembly, thereby ensuring efficient catalytic layer coverage. ,− However, nonuniformity, densification, and microcracking of the coating layer can contribute to the deterioration of the intrinsic membrane properties as well as the membrane catalytic functionalities and, therefore, pose important challenges that have to be resolved. ,,, Designing a unique photocatalytic membrane with a distinctive morphology and without significant cracks/defects is crucial for high performance in water treatment applications.…”