“…The EQ-5D was developed by a group of European-based researchers to assess a given health state via an index score. 4 The EQ-5D includes 1 health state descriptive system and 1 visual analog rating scale (VARS). The health-state descriptive system covered 5 dimensions of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), and participants were directed to score each dimension in 1 of 3 ways: no problem, some/ moderate problems, or extreme problems/unable.…”