“…For symmetrical samples from the point of view of the reflectivity, the implication IL o, o, s ≅ IL o, o, pec ⇒ IL fixt, s ≅ IL fixt, pec could be used even though it becomes practically weak for apertures physically very small and very large outer chamber. Finally, a preliminary absorption measurement [1,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] or a preliminary reflectivity measurement could be made [21]. The condition (1) is necessary only to achieve IL fixt, pec by the SE of the fixture (enclosure) with no sample in the aperture, which in turns allows the SE of the sample to be obtained by using a single antenna in the fixture when the condition (b) is also met, as further specified in the next section.…”