Performance of the Surgical Pleth Index and Analgesia Nociception Index in Healthy Volunteers and Parturients

Abstract

Various commercially available nociception devices have been developed to quantify intraoperative pain. The Surgical Pleth Index (SPI) and Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) are among the analgesic indices that have been widely used for the evaluation of surgical patients. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of the SPI and ANI in conscious healthy volunteers and parturients. Ten healthy volunteers and 10 parturients participated in this study. An algometer was used to induce bone pain in the volunteers until they rated their pain as five on the numerical rating scale (NRS); this procedure was repeated during the administration of remifentanil or normal saline. The study comprised two periods, and the volunteers were infused with different solutions in each period: normal saline during one period and remifentanil during the other in a randomized order. The parturients’ SPI and ANI data were collected for 2 min when they rated their pain levels as 0, 5, and 7 on the NRS, respectively. Both the SPI and ANI values differed significantly between NRS 0 and NRS 5 (P < 0.001) in the volunteers, irrespective of the solution administered (remifentanil or normal saline). At NRS 5, the SPI showed similar values, irrespective of remifentanil administration, while the ANI showed significantly lower values on remifentanil administration (P = 0.028). The SPI and ANI values at NRS 5 and NRS 7 did not differ significantly in the parturients (P = 0.101 for SPI, P = 0.687 for ANI). Thus, the SPI and ANI were effective indices for detecting pain in healthy volunteers and parturients.

Surgical pleth index monitoring in perioperative pain management: usefulness and limitations

“…Moreover, in a study performed in healthy volunteers and parturients by Choi et al [57], an algometer was used to induce bone pain in volunteers until they rated their pain as five on the NRS; this procedure was repeated during the administration of remifentanil or normal saline. Parturients' SPI data were collected for 2 min when they rated their pain levels as 0, 5, or 7 on an NRS.…”

“…In addition, in a study conducted in conscious patients by Choi et al [57], the SPI and ANI were compared, and at NRS 5, the SPI showed similar values irrespective of remifentanil administration, whereas the ANI showed significantly lower values on remifentanil administration. Thus, although both the SPI and ANI were effective indices for detecting pain in healthy volunteers, the SPI showed better performance in the perception of pain intensity, suggesting that the SPI may be useful for pain evaluation even in conscious patients.…”

Analgesia nociception index and high frequency variability index: promising indicators of relative parasympathetic tone

“…Several studies have compared ANI to other nociception monitoring techniques, that is, comparing ANI to SPI [ 21 – 24 ] and comparing ANI to pupillometry [ 25 ]. ANI and SPI are altered by nociceptive events under both inhalation [ 23 ] and propofol anesthesia [ 24 ].…”

The Performance of Using the Parasympathetic Tone Activity (PTA) Index to Assess Intraoperative Nociception in Cats

“…The Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) is a new monitor utilized in human medicine to quantify the balance between nociception and antinociception [ 5 , 11 , 15 , 16 ], while in veterinary medicine, Parasympathetic Tone Activity (PTA) serves a similar purpose [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The PTA signal is acquired in real time using a lead II electrocardiogram (ECG) [ 18 ].…”